Table 2.
Comparison of oncological outcome and survival
| Parameters | LG (n=30) | OG (n=38) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lymph nodes, mean±SD | 11.9±5.2 | 12.7±4.2 | 0.503 |
| Negative margins (R0), n (%) | 30 (100) | 37 (97.3) | 0.9 |
| Minimum hepatic margin, (mm), mean±SD | 13.5±5.8 | 15.9±12.2 | 0.371 |
| GBC stage (AJCC 8th Ed.), n (%) | |||
| Stage 1 | 8 (26.6) | 5 (13.1) | 0.556 |
| Stage 2 | 8 (26.6) | 12 (31.5) | |
| Stage 3 | 10 (33.3) | 16 (42.1) | |
| Stage 4 | 4 (13.3) | 5 (13.1) | |
| T stage, n (%) | T1: 8 (26.6) | 6 (15.7) | 0.530 |
| T2:12 (40) | 17 (44.7) | ||
| T3:8 (26.6) | 15 (39.4) | ||
| T4:2 (6.6) | 0 (0) | ||
| N stage, n (%) | N0: 20 (66.7) | 25 (65.7) | 0.732 |
| N1: 7 (23.3) | 7 (18.4) | ||
| N2:3 (10) | 6 (15.7) | ||
| Histological type | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 25 | 30 | 0.206 |
| Adenosquamous | 0 | 4 | |
| Intracystic papillary | 4 | 4 | |
| Neuroendocrine | 1 | 0 | |
| Tumour differentiation | |||
| Well differentiated | 11 | 8 | 0.045 |
| Moderately differentiated | 19 | 24 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 0 | 6 | |
| Vascular/lymphatic microinvasion | |||
| Yes | 8 | 13 | 0.504 |
| No | 22 | 25 | |
| Fundus | 17 | 23 | 0.534 |
| Fundus and body | 6 | 5 | |
| Body | 5 | 4 | |
| Neck | 2 | 6 | |
| Recurrence, n (%) | 6 (20) | 11 (28.9) | 0.410 |
| Local recurrence, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (15.7) | 0.627 |
| Distant metastasis, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (13.1) | |
| Adjuvant treatment, n (%) | 15 (50) | 19 (50) | 1.0 |
| Median follow-up (months) | 24 | 36 | 0.0001 |
| RFS (months), mean±SE | 48.6±4.1 | 44.6±3.8 | 0.352 |
| Overall survival (months), mean±SE | 51.0±3.58 | 46.4±3.39 | 0.457 |
| One-year survival (%) | 96 | 94 | 0.457 |
| Three-year survival (%) | 79 | 72 | |
| Five-year survival (%) | 79 | 62 |
GBC: Gallbladder cancer, SE: Standard error, LG: Laparoscopic group, OG: Open group, AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer, RFS: Recurrence-free survival