Table 3.
Logistic regression analyses of the pharmacy services that interested ≥50% of the participants
| Medication intake and adherence | Diabetes and general health | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interview with pharmacist (n = 625) | Pill box or weekly pill box (n = 608) | List of all medications/treatment plan (n = 606) | Check of all medications (n = 610) | First medical opinion (n = 608) | Counselling on how to use devices (n = 596) | ||||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age | < 65 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 65–74 years | 2.03 (1.35 to 3.04) | < 0.01 | 1.26 (0.84 to 1.88) | 0.26 | 1.26 (0.84 to 1.89) | 0.26 | 0.93 (0.62 to 1.42) | 0.75 | 0.82 (0.55 to 1.22) | 0.33 | 1.36 (0.91 to 2.03) | 0.14 | |
| ≥75 years | 3.28 (1.95 to 5.52) | < 0.01 | 2.05 (1.24 to 3.37) | 0.01 | 1.41 (0.87 to 2.30) | 0.16 | 0.69 (0.42 to 1.12) | 0.13 | 0.51 (0.32 to 0.82) | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.63 to 1.61) | 0.97 | |
| Sex | Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Male | 1.10 (0.76 to 1.59) | 0.60 | 0.90 (0.63 to 1.30) | 0.58 | 1.22 (0.85 to 1.75) | 0.29 | 0.84 (0.58 to 1.22) | 0.35 | 0.69 (0.48 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.69 (0.48 to 1.00) | 0.05 | |
| Education | Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Secondary | 0.93 (0.54 to 1.59) | 0.79 | 0.79 (0.46 to 1.34) | 0.38 | 1.16 (0.69 to 1.96) | 0.58 | 1.65 (0.98 to 2.78) | 0.06 | 1.08 (0.64 to 1.82) | 0.77 | 1.22 (0.72 to 2.08) | 0.45 | |
| Tertiary | 0.76 (0.43 to 1.34) | 0.34 | 0.91 (0.51 to 1.62) | 0.75 | 1.14 (0.65 to 2.02) | 0.65 | 1.95 (1.10 to 3.46) | 0.02 | 1.33 (0.76 to 2.35) | 0.32 | 0.99 (0.56 to 1.75) | 0.98 | |
| Financial hardship | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.38 (0.93 to 2.06) | 0.11 | 1.21 (0.82 to 1.79) | 0.34 | 1.21 (0.82 to 1.79) | 0.33 | 1.11 (0.74 to 1.66) | 0.61 | 1.37 (0.92 to 2.03) | 0.12 | 1.13 (0.77 to 1.67) | 0.53 | |
| Treatment including injections | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.02 (0.71 to 1.48) | 0.91 | 1.12 (0.78 to 1.61) | 0.53 | 1.09 (0.76 to 1.57) | 0.63 | 0.79 (0.55 to 1.15) | 0.22 | 1.05 (0.74 to 1.51) | 0.77 | 1.25 (0.88 to 1.78) | 0.22 | |
| Participation in diabetes education course | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.71 to 1.51) | 0.87 | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.23) | 0.38 | 0.74 (0.51 to 1.08) | 0.12 | 1.24 (0.85 to 1.83) | 0.27 | 1.04 (0.72 to 1.51) | 0.82 | 0.80 (0.55 to 1.15) | 0.23 | |
| Stanford Diabetes Self-efficacy | Overall score | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.04) | 0.23 | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.90 (0.81 to 1.00) | 0.06 | 0.87 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.90 (0.81 to 0.99) | 0.03 |
| Number of medications taken | 1 to 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 4 to 6 | 1.51 (1.00 to 2.26) | 0.05 | 2.10 (1.40 to 3.15) | < 0.01 | 1.84 (1.23 to 2.77) | < 0.01 | 1.29 (0.85 to 1.94) | 0.23 | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.41) | 0.75 | 1.14 (0.76 to 1.71) | 0.52 | |
| ≥7 | 2.06 (1.27 to 3.35) | < 0.01 | 3.47 (2.16 to 5.57) | < 0.01 | 3.84 (2.39 to 6.18) | < 0.01 | 2.11 (1.28 to 3.48) | < 0.01 | 1.20 (0.74 to 1.93) | 0.46 | 1.28 (0.80 to 2.05) | 0.30 | |
| Positive opinion about medication | Less positive | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Positive +++ | 0.95 (0.62 to 1.46) | 0.83 | 0.92 (0.61 to 1.40) | 0.71 | 0.74 (0.48 to 1.12) | 0.16 | 0.90 (0.59 to 1.39) | 0.64 | 1.23 (0.81 to 1.88) | 0.33 | 0.84 (0.55 to 1.27) | 0.41 | |
| Positive opinion about pharmacists | Less positive | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Positive +++ | 1.69 (1.17 to 2.45) | 0.01 | 1.32 (0.91 to 1.91) | 0.15 | 1.21 (0.84 to 1.76) | 0.30 | 1.58 (1.09 to 2.28) | 0.02 | 1.51 (1.05 to 2.17) | 0.03 | 1.46 (1.02 to 2.10) | 0.04 | |
Significant p-values (< 0.05) in bold