Figure 2.

Composition and alterations of viral communities among COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. (a) Heatmap showing viral composition in COVID-19 patients’ fecal samples (n = 37) and healthy controls. The relative abundance of viral communities was normalized to Z-Scores. (b) Alpha – and beta-diversity of the virome between COVID-19 patients (n = 13) and healthy controls are shown with the Shannon index and constrained PCoA analysis based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, respectively. Red points represent COVID-19 patients, and blue solid circles represent healthy controls. (c) Comparison of viral abundance between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. In this bubble plot, each dot represents one species of virus on the x-axis, clustered by their respective order, and the y-axis value denotes the inverse log10 p value, with those above the dashed line (p < .05) significantly different between healthy controls and patients. The size of each dot corresponds to the mean relative abundance in both COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. Hollow circles represent viruses enriched in patients with COVID-19, while solid circles represent viruses enriched in healthy individuals. (d) Dynamic changes of differential viral relative abundance along treatment within COVID-19 patients fecal samples