Table 1:
Demographic characteristics by exposure
| Cephalosporins | Penicillins | Carbapenems | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No exposure | Exposed | p value | No exposure | Exposed | p value | No exposure | Exposed | p value | |
| Overall | 1232 (48.3%) | 1318 (51.7%) | 1947 (76.4%) | 603 (23.7%) | 2062 (80.9%) | 488 (19.1%) | |||
| Age | |||||||||
| 1-2y | 116 (43.0%) | 154 (57.0%) | 0.260 | 191 (70.7%) | 79 (29.3%) | 0.100 | 214 (79.3%) | 56 (20.7%) | <.001 |
| 3-10y | 506 (48.1%) | 546 (51.9%) | 803 (76.3%) | 249 (23.7%) | 891 (84.7%) | 161 (15.3%) | |||
| 11-15y | 344 (49.7%) | 348 (50.3%) | 542 (78.3%) | 150 (21.7%) | 550 (79.5%) | 142 (20.5%) | |||
| 16-21y | 266 (49.6%) | 270 (50.4%) | 411 (76.7%) | 125 (23.3%) | 407 (75.9%) | 129 (24.1%) | |||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 731 (48.5%) | 776 (51.5%) | 0.810 | 1139 (75.6%) | 368 (24.4%) | 0.270 | 1213 (80.5%) | 294 (19.5%) | 0.570 |
| Female | 501 (48.0%) | 542 (52.0%) | 808 (77.5%) | 235 (22.5%) | 849 (81.4%) | 194 (18.6%) | |||
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 952 (47.8%) | 1040 (52.2%) | 0.800 | 1546 (77.6%) | 446 (22.4%) | 0.039 | 1594 (80.0%) | 398 (20.0%) | 0.035 |
| Non-white | 159 (47.0%) | 179 (53.0%) | 245 (72.5%) | 93 (27.5%) | 287 (84.9%) | 51 (15.1%) | |||
| Disease | |||||||||
| AML | 542 (52.7%) | 487 (47.3%) | <.001 | 801 (77.8%) | 228 (22.2%) | 0.150 | 828 (80.5%) | 201 (19.5%) | 0.680 |
| ALL | 690 (45.4%) | 831 (54.6%) | 1146 (75.4%) | 375 (24.7%) | 1234 (81.1%) | 287 (18.9%) | |||
| Disease status | |||||||||
| CR1 | 626 (51.2%) | 597 (48.8%) | 0.005 | 926 (75.7%) | 297 (24.3%) | 0.470 | 1016 (83.1%) | 207 (16.9%) | 0.006 |
| ≥CR2 | 606 (45.7%) | 721 (54.3%) | 1021 (76.9%) | 306 (23.1%) | 1046 (78.8%) | 281 (21.2%) | |||
| Donor | |||||||||
| Matched related | 411 (58.0%) | 298 (42.0%) | <.001 | 566 (79.8%) | 143 (20.2%) | 0.015 | 586 (82.7%) | 123 (17.4%) | 0.200 |
| Matched unrelated | 396 (48.2%) | 425 (51.8%) | 603 (73.5%) | 218 (26.6%) | 672 (81.9%) | 149 (18.2%) | |||
| Mismatched unrelated | 334 (43.3%) | 438 (56.7%) | 579 (75.0%) | 193 (25.0%) | 604 (78.2%) | 168 (21.8%) | |||
| Haploidentical | 58 (41.1%) | 83 (58.9%) | 110 (78.0%) | 31 (22.0%) | 116 (82.3%) | 25 (17.7%) | |||
| Missing | 33 (30.8%) | 74 (69.2%) | 89 (83.2%) | 18 (16.8%) | 84 (78.5%) | 23 (21.5%) | |||
| Graft source | |||||||||
| Bone marrow | 849 (55.0%) | 696 (45.1%) | <.001 | 1156 (74.8%) | 389 (25.2%) | 0.002 | 1273 (82.4%) | 272 (17.6%) | 0.001 |
| Peripheral blood | 149 (36.9%) | 255 (63.1%) | 336 (83.2%) | 68 (16.8%) | 334 (82.7%) | 70 (17.3%) | |||
| Cord blood | 234 (38.9%) | 367 (61.1%) | 455 (75.7%) | 146 (24.3%) | 455 (75.7%) | 146 (24.3%) | |||
| GVHD prophylaxis | |||||||||
| CNI-based | 1139 (50.1%) | 1136 (49.9%) | <.001 | 1714 (75.3%) | 561 (24.7%) | 0.003 | 1823 (80.1%) | 452 (19.9%) | 0.008 |
| Ex vivo cell manipulation | 51 (31.7%) | 110 (68.3%) | 136 (84.5%) | 25 (15.5%) | 145 (90.1%) | 16 (9.9%) | |||
| Other | 42 (36.8%) | 72 (63.2%) | 97 (85.1%) | 17 (14.9%) | 94 (82.5%) | 20 (17.5%) | |||
| Conditioning | |||||||||
| Myeloablative with TBI | 732 (43.8%) | 939 (56.2%) | <.001 | 1282 (76.7%) | 389 (22.3%) | 0.570 | 1356 (81.2%) | 215 (18.9%) | 0.580 |
| Myeloablative without TBI | 397 (60.2%) | 262 (39.8%) | 492 (74.7%) | 167 (25.3%) | 524 (79.5%) | 135 (20.5%) | |||
| Reduced intensity | 89 (52.4%) | 81 (47.7%) | 129 (75.9%) | 41 (24.1%) | 140 (82.4%) | 30 (17.7%) | |||
| Receipt of Thymoglobulin/Alemtuzumab | |||||||||
| No | 835 (48.9%) | 874 (51.1%) | 0.430 | 1333 (78.0%) | 376 (22.0%) | 0.005 | 1408 (82.4%) | 301 (17.6%) | 0.005 |
| Yes | 397 (47.2%) | 444 (52.8%) | 614 (73.0%) | 227 (27.0%) | 654 (77.8%) | 187 (22.2%) | |||
| Intensive care unit resource utilization | |||||||||
| No | 1170 (48.5%) | 1245 (51.6%) | 0.570 | 1860 (77.0%) | 555 (23.0%) | <.001 | 1972 (81.7%) | 443 (18.3%) | <.001 |
| Yes | 62 (45.9%) | 73 (54.1%) | 87 (64.4%) | 48 (35.6%) | 90 (66.7%) | 45 (33.3%) | |||
| Receipt of growth factors | |||||||||
| No | 830 (53.0%) | 735 (47.0%) | <.001 | 1187 (75.9%) | 378 (24.2%) | 0.450 | 1292 (82.6%) | 273 (17.4%) | 0.006 |
| Yes | 402 (40.8%) | 583 (59.2%) | 760 (77.2%) | 225 (22.8%) | 770 (78.2%) | 215 (21.8%) | |||
| Days to neutrophil engraftment, median | 20 (7-65) | 20 (8-98) | 0.001 | 20 (7-98) | 21 (10-65) | <.001 | 20 (7 - 98) | 21 (10-61) | <.001 |
Cephalosporins: cefepime, ceftazidime, aztreonam; Penicillins: piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clauvulanate; Carbapenems:meropenem, imipenem-ilastatin, doripenem AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia; ALL Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; CR Clinical Remission; CNI Calcineurin Inhibitor; GVHD Graft versus Host Disease; TBI Total Body Irradiation