Table 3. Characteristics of patient visits by crowding category in primary analysis.
| Crowding category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0%-75% | 75%-95% | 95%-100% | Total | ||
| All visits, n | 1,830,378 | 488,021 | 121,993 | 2,440,392 | |
| Demographics, n (%) | |||||
| Age | 18–39 | 544,691 (29.8) | 144,536 (29.6) | 36,975 (30.3) | 726,202 (29.8) |
| 40–59 | 462,000 (25.2) | 123,680 (25.3) | 30,759 (25.2) | 616,439 (25.3) | |
| 60–79 | 541,085 (29.6) | 145,035 (29.7) | 36,452 (29.9) | 722,572 (29.6) | |
| 80 or older | 282,602 (15.4) | 74,770 (15.3) | 17,807 (14.6) | 375,179 (15.4) | |
| Sex | Female | 947,709 (51.8) | 253,352 (51.9) | 61,918 (50.8) | 1,262,979 (51.8) |
| Male | 882,669 (48.2) | 234,669 (48.1) | 60,075 (49.2) | 1,177,413 (48.2) | |
| Patient presentation at ED, n (%) | |||||
| Arrival mode | Emergency medical services | 421,749 (23.0) | 111,057 (22.8) | 28,772 (23.6) | 561,578 (23.0) |
| Walk-in or other | 1,340,745 (73.2) | 359,376 (73.6) | 88,340 (72.4) | 1,788,461 (73.3) | |
| Missing | 67,884 (3.7) | 17,588 (3.6) | 4,881 (4.0) | 90,353 (3.7) | |
| Priority | 1—Red | 74,130 (4.0) | 19,852 (4.1) | 5,659 (4.6) | 99,641 (4.1) |
| 2—Orange | 207,252 (11.3) | 56,051 (11.5) | 16,040 (13.1) | 279,343 (11.4) | |
| 3—Yellow | 589,668 (32.2) | 157,395 (32.3) | 38,561 (31.6) | 785,624 (32.2) | |
| 4—Green | 851,446 (46.5) | 224,974 (46.1) | 53,545 (43.9) | 1,129,965 (46.3) | |
| 5—Blue | 62,187 (3.4) | 17,174 (3.5) | 5,387 (4.4) | 84,748 (3.5) | |
| 6—Purple | 1,539 (0.1) | 392 (0.1) | 110 (0.1) | 2,041 (0.1) | |
| Missing | 44,156 (2.4) | 12,183 (2.5) | 2,691 (2.2) | 59,030 (2.4) | |
| Chief complaint | Abdominal problem, GI bleeding | 15,905 (0.9) | 4,174 (0.9) | 1,050 (0.9) | 21,129 (0.9) |
| Abdominal pain | 239,546 (13.1) | 63,462 (13.0) | 16,348 (13.4) | 319,356 (13.1) | |
| Abnormal lab test | 8,627 (0.5) | 2,184 (0.4) | 443 (0.4) | 11,254 (0.5) | |
| Arrythmia | 44,775 (2.4) | 11,788 (2.4) | 3,097 (2.5) | 59,660 (2.4) | |
| Back pain | 34,021 (1.9) | 9,140 (1.9) | 2,208 (1.8) | 45,369 (1.9) | |
| Cardiac arrest | 1,290 (0.1) | 326 (0.1) | 85 (0.1) | 1,701 (0.1) | |
| Chest or back injury | 15,468 (0.8) | 4,438 (0.9) | 1,116 (0.9) | 21,022 (0.9) | |
| Chest pain | 165,297 (9.0) | 45,390 (9.3) | 11,341 (9.3) | 222,028 (9.1) | |
| Decreased consciousness | 1,928 (0.1) | 546 (0.1) | 133 (0.1) | 2,607 (0.1) | |
| Diarrhea | 9,037 (0.5) | 2,462 (0.5) | 512 (0.4) | 12,011 (0.5) | |
| Dizziness | 50,117 (2.7) | 13,223 (2.7) | 3,020 (2.5) | 66,360 (2.7) | |
| Dyspnea | 114,678 (6.3) | 31,408 (6.4) | 8,400 (6.9) | 154,486 (6.3) | |
| Fever | 46,774 (2.6) | 12,398 (2.5) | 3,542 (2.9) | 62,714 (2.6) | |
| Head injury | 58,864 (3.2) | 15,725 (3.2) | 4,128 (3.4) | 78,717 (3.2) | |
| Local infection | 41,068 (2.2) | 11,024 (2.3) | 2,590 (2.1) | 54,682 (2.2) | |
| Lower extremity injury | 104,935 (5.7) | 28,426 (5.8) | 6,234 (5.1) | 139,595 (5.7) | |
| Multiple and/or major trauma | 9,577 (0.5) | 2,329 (0.5) | 927 (0.8) | 12,833 (0.5) | |
| Nausea, vomiting | 10,229 (0.6) | 2,943 (0.6) | 745 (0.6) | 13,917 (0.6) | |
| Neurological deficit, stroke | 57,367 (3.1) | 15,298 (3.1) | 3,565 (2.9) | 76,230 (3.1) | |
| Non-specific complaint | 121,642 (6.6) | 31,852 (6.5) | 8,372 (6.9) | 161,866 (6.6) | |
| Non-traumatic symptoms in extremity | 108,598 (5.9) | 28,585 (5.9) | 6,713 (5.5) | 143,896 (5.9) | |
| Other | 397,117 (21.7) | 104,736 (21.5) | 26,581 (21.8) | 528,434 (21.7) | |
| Seizures | 14,126 (0.8) | 3,589 (0.7) | 933 (0.8) | 18,648 (0.8) | |
| Syncope | 22,781 (1.2) | 5,760 (1.2) | 1,335 (1.1) | 29,876 (1.2) | |
| Upper extremity injury | 104,322 (5.7) | 28,373 (5.8) | 6,456 (5.3) | 139,151 (5.7) | |
| Urinary problems | 32,289 (1.8) | 8,442 (1.7) | 2,119 (1.7) | 42,850 (1.8) | |
| Timing of visit, n (%) | |||||
| Shift | Day | 844,344 (46.1) | 224,598 (46.0) | 53,054 (43.5) | 1,121,996 (46.0) |
| Evening | 742,474 (40.6) | 192,361 (39.4) | 29,448 (24.1) | 964,283 (39.5) | |
| Night | 243,560 (13.3) | 71,062 (14.6) | 39,491 (32.4) | 354,113 (14.5) | |
| Weekend | Weekday | 1,198,634 (65.5) | 315,756 (64.7) | 64,740 (53.1) | 1,579,130 (64.7) |
| Weekend or holiday | 631,744 (34.5) | 172,265 (35.3) | 57,253 (46.9) | 861,262 (35.3) | |