Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for time-varying and time-stable covariates

	Mean/Pct	Std. dev.	Mean/Pct	Std. dev.	Mean/Pct	Std. dev.
Time-varying (n = 5285)	Total sample 100.0 %		Youth w/ delinquent parents 47.5 %		Youth w/non-delinquent parents 52.5 %
Age (range = 13–28)	18.90	3.91	18.78*	3.90	19.00	3.92
Troublemaker identity (range = 1–5)	2.17	1.01	2.24***	1.03	2.10	0.99
Partier identity (range = 1–5)	2.83	1.20	2.88**	1.20	2.78	1.20
Parental support (range = 1–5)	4.04	0.66	4.02*	0.65	4.06	0.66
Harsh parenting (range = −1.14 to 7.35)	−0.01	0.99	0.04**	0.99	−0.05	0.10
Gainful activity	0.80		0.82*		0.79
Lives away from home	0.29		0.30		0.28
Frequent time w/peers	0.34		0.36**		0.33
Parenthood	0.15		0.14*		0.16
Relationship type
Single	0.16		0.15		0.16
Dating	0.68		0.67		0.68
Cohabiting	0.11		0.12		0.11
Married	0.06		0.06		0.05
Current relationship	0.58		0.58		0.57
Time-stable (n = 1242)	Total sample 100.0 %		Youth w/ delinquent parents 47.9 %		Youth w/non-delinquent parents 52.1 %
Female	0.52		0.52		0.51
Race/ethnicity
White	0.64		0.70***		0.58
Black	0.25		0.19***		0.30
Hispanic	0.12		0.11		0.12
Structural disadvantage (range = 0–4)	1.28	1.24	1.26	1.18	1.29	1.29
Family structure at W1
Two biological-parent	0.50		0.48		0.53
Single parent	0.26		0.25		0.27
Step-parent	0.17		0.23***		0.12
Other living arrangement	0.06		0.05*		0.08

Source: Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001 (significantly different from youth w/ non-delinquent parents)