Table 3.
Patient demographics, medical history, arrest characteristics, and year (pre-pandemic/2019 vs. pandemic/2020) for pre-hospital patients achieving or not achieving ROSC.
| Characteristic | No ROSC (n = 410) | ROSC (n = 61) | Odds Ratio or Mean Difference (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year (During March–April) | 2019 | 37% (151) | 48% (29) | Ref |
| 2020 | 63% (259) | 52% (32) | 0.64 (0.37–1.12) | |
| Age | Years | 62.4 (18) | 60.9 (22) | −1.5 (−7.4 to +4.4) |
| Gender | Male | 55% (225) | 54% (33) | Ref |
| Female | 45% (185) | 46% (28) | 1.03 (0.60–1.77) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | White | 10% (40) | 10% (6) | Ref |
| Non-White | 90% (370) | 90% (55) | 0.97 (0.42–2.68) | |
| Heart Disease | Yes | 22% (89) | 26% (16) | Ref |
| No | 88% (321) | 74% (45) | 0.78 (0.43–1.48) | |
| Diabetes | Yes | 21% (87) | 20% (12) | Ref |
| No | 79% (323) | 80% (49) | 1.09 (0.57–2.24) | |
| Hypertension | Yes | 34% (140) | 33% (20) | Ref |
| No | 66% (270) | 67% (41) | 1.06 (0.60–1.91) | |
| Renal Disease | Yes | 11% (45) | 8% (5) | Ref |
| No | 89% (410) | 92% (56) | 1.35 (0.56–4.08) | |
| Respiratory Disease | Yes | 15% (60) | 20% (12) | Ref |
| No | 85% (350) | 80% (61) | 0.70 (0.36–1.44) | |
| Stroke | Yes | 6% (23) | 5% (3) | Ref |
| No | 94% (387) | 95% (58) | 1.10 (0.37–4.94) | |
| EMS Type⁎ | Advanced Life Support (ALS) | 42% (174) | 39% (39) | Ref |
| Basic Life Support (BLS) | 58% (236) | 61% (22) | 0.42 (0.24–0.73) | |
| Unshockable vs. Shockable† | Asystole/Idioventricular/PEA or Unknown Unshockable | 92% (379) | 79% (48) | Ref |
| Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation or Unknown Shockable | 8% (31) | 21% (13) | 3.32 (1.57–6.69) | |
| Witnessed⁎ | Unwitnessed Arrest | 57% (235) | 33% (20) | Ref |
| Arrest Witnessed by EMS | 11% (45) | 25% (15) | 3.90 (1.83–8.22) | |
| Arrest Witnessed by Bystander | 32% (130) | 43% (26) | 2.34 (1.26–4.42) | |
| Bystander CPR | Yes | 40% (164) | 43% (26) | Ref |
| No | 60% (246) | 57% (35) | 0.90 (0.52–1.56) | |
| Arrest Location⁎ | Home/Residence | 70% (286) | 79% (48) | Ref |
| Nursing Home | 20% (83) | 10% (6) | 0.44 (0.16–0.99) | |
| Public Place | 10% (41) | 11% (7) | 1.03 (0.40–2.32) |
EMS = emergency medical services; PEA = pulseless electrical activity; CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC = return of spontaneous circulation; CI = confidence interval.
⁎
p < 0.05.