Fig. 1.

Cocaine-specific effects on BV2 microglial cell viability and the mean size and number of particles. BV2 microglial cells were treated with 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 µM, 10 µM, and 100 µM cocaine. Cells were grown in exosome-free medium and the cocaine was added for a maximum of 24 h. a Microscopy, b cell viability, c TEM, d mean particle size and e particle/mL. Mean size is shown in nanometers, and particle numbers are shown as 10⁸ per mL. Statistical significance is taken from 3 to 5 independent experiment in triplicates and indicated the mean of SD as follows: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; and ***p < 0.0001