Table 3.

Characteristics of hypogonadal untreated (HYPO) and testosterone-treated (HYPO + TTh) patients at baseline and before surgery (V1)

Variable	Treatment	Baseline	V1	V1 vs. baseline within group (p)
BMI (kg/m2)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	46.6 [43.7–49.3] 46.1 [41.6–50.7]	47.6 [44.6–50.6] 45.5 [41.0–50.0]	0.619 0.848
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.665
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	119.8 [106.6–133.0] 123.3 [104.1–142.3]	138.6 [124.9–152.4] 122.8 [100.2–145.4]	0.050 0.979
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.275
Insulin (mU/L)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	39.2 [31.1–47.2] 36.0 [24.1–48.0]	16.6 [8.2–25.1] 21.3 [6.0–36.6]	< 0.0001 0.130
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.494
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	201.8 [191.7–211.8] 204.5 [189.4–219.6]	201.1 [190.7–211.5] 177.8 [159.9–195.6] *	0.927 0.022
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.059
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	41.0 [38.7–43.2] 41.2 [37.8–44.6]	38.7 [36.3–41.0] 34.6 [30.6–38.6]	0.154 0.011
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.165
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	153.5 [133.9–176.0] 143.3 [116.7–175.9]	197.3 [171.2–227.3] 160.9 [126.1–205.4]	0.010 0.456
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.464
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST; U/L)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	28.4 [20.6–36.2] 31.1 [19.6–42.5]	45.3 [37.4–53.2] 38.7 [24.7–52.7]	0.002 0.386
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.373
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT; U/L)	HYPO HYPO + TTh	45.0 [35.2–54.9] 50.6 [36.1–65.0]	67.9 [57.8–77.9] 50.0 [32.4–67.7]	0.001 0.960
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.076
Fatty Liver Index	HYPO HYPO + TTh	99.1 [98.8–99.4] 99.2 [98.8–99.7]	99.1 [98.8–99.3] 98.4 [97.9–98.8] *	0.797 0.001
	Interaction time × treatment p = 0.007

Data are expressed as mean with range in brackets. Data were adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome variable and for age and baseline BMI. Significant differences are in bold

*p < 0.001 vs Hypogonadal