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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2020 Oct 27;6(3):352–359. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.008

Table 3b.

Multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial regression model assessing the association between risk factors and PCL-5 Hyperarousal subscale at 3-months post-injury (n=405)

FC 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value

PC1 .94 0.88–0.99 .031 1.27 0.99–1.64 .06
ICV (standardized) 1.13 1.00–1.27 .049 .79 0.49–1.26 .31
Male (ref: Female) .99 0.82–1.19 .89 .96 0.44–2.11 .92
Black (ref:White/Other) 1.21 0.99–1.48 .063 1.48 0.63–3.44 .37
Hispanic (ref: non-Hispanic) 1.09 0.89–1.33 0.43 1.66 0.66–4.18 .28
Education (y) .96 0.93–0.99 0.013 1.11 0.98–1.25 .09
Any psychiatric history (ref: None) 1.16 0.96–1.40 0.128 2.06 0.77–5.52 .15
Any prior TBI (ref: None) 1.17 0.997–1.37 0.055 1.35 0.68–2.67 .39
Violent injury cause* (ref: Accidental) 1.05 0.79–1.39 0.76 -- -- --
PCL-5 Hyperarousal at week 2 1.07 1.05–1.08 <0.001 1.35 1.20–1.50 <0.001

PC1: first principal component that explained 73.8% of the variance in the regional volumes of the insula, superior frontal cortex, and rostral and caudal anterior cingulate

FC: Estimated fold change with 95% confidence interval of the predictor variable associated with severity of hyperarousal symptoms when the symptoms are present.

OR: Estimated odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of the predictor variable associated with presence (non-zero scores) vs. absence (zero scores) of hyperarousal symptoms.

*

Injury cause was not modeled in the zero-inflation part due to zero-count in one of the cells which would lead to an infinite confidence interval.

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