Table 4.

Multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial regression model assessing the association between risk factors and PCL-5 Hyperarousal subscale at 6-months post-injury (n=405).

	FC	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
PC1	.89	.83–.95	.001	1.11	.83–1.49	.47
ICV (standardized)	1.16	1.02–1.32	.029	.88	.50–1.53	.65
Male (ref: Female)	1.07	.87–1.32	.52	.61	.23–1.64	.33
Black (ref: White/Other)	1.13	.91–1.41	.26	1.57	.57–4.30	.38
Hispanic (ref: non-Hispanic)	1.07	.86–1.34	.55	2.48	.72–8.49	.15
Years of Education	.97	.94–.997	.033	1.07	.94–1.22	.31
Any psychiatric history (ref: None)	1.13	.92–1.39	.24	2.16	.64–7.27	.21
Any prior TBI (ref: None)	1.13	.96–1.34	.15	.97	.47–1.99	.93
Violent injury cause (ref: Accidental)	1.40	1.05–1.88	.024	--	--	--
PCL-5 Hyperarousal at week 2	1.08	1.07–1.10	<.001	1.26	1.09–1.46	.002

PC1: first principal component that explained 73.8% of the variance in the regional volumes of the insula, superior frontal cortex, and rostral and caudal anterior cingulate.

FC: Estimated fold change with 95% confidence interval of the predictor variable associated with severity of hyperarousal symptoms when the symptoms are present.

OR: Estimated odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of the predictor variable associated with presence (non-zero scores) vs. absence (zero scores) of hyperarousal symptoms.

^*Injury cause was not modeled in the zero-inflation part due to zero-count in one of the cells which would lead to an infinite confidence interval.