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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2020 Oct 27;6(3):352–359. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.008

Table 4.

Multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial regression model assessing the association between risk factors and PCL-5 Hyperarousal subscale at 6-months post-injury (n=405).

FC 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value

PC1 .89 .83–.95 .001 1.11 .83–1.49 .47
ICV (standardized) 1.16 1.02–1.32 .029 .88 .50–1.53 .65
Male (ref: Female) 1.07 .87–1.32 .52 .61 .23–1.64 .33
Black (ref: White/Other) 1.13 .91–1.41 .26 1.57 .57–4.30 .38
Hispanic (ref: non-Hispanic) 1.07 .86–1.34 .55 2.48 .72–8.49 .15
Years of Education .97 .94–.997 .033 1.07 .94–1.22 .31
Any psychiatric history (ref: None) 1.13 .92–1.39 .24 2.16 .64–7.27 .21
Any prior TBI (ref: None) 1.13 .96–1.34 .15 .97 .47–1.99 .93
Violent injury cause (ref: Accidental) 1.40 1.05–1.88 .024 -- -- --
PCL-5 Hyperarousal at week 2 1.08 1.07–1.10 <.001 1.26 1.09–1.46 .002

PC1: first principal component that explained 73.8% of the variance in the regional volumes of the insula, superior frontal cortex, and rostral and caudal anterior cingulate.

FC: Estimated fold change with 95% confidence interval of the predictor variable associated with severity of hyperarousal symptoms when the symptoms are present.

OR: Estimated odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of the predictor variable associated with presence (non-zero scores) vs. absence (zero scores) of hyperarousal symptoms.

*

Injury cause was not modeled in the zero-inflation part due to zero-count in one of the cells which would lead to an infinite confidence interval.

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