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. 2021 Jan 11;77(4):1234–1244. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16113

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© 2021 The Authors.

Hypertension is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 1. — It shows an idealized cardiovagal baroreflex as a sigmoidal relationship between systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and RR interval over a wide range of pressures. The sigmoid curve can be uniquely specified by 4 parameters: the systolic blood pressure (BP; SAP) at the centering point, the slope at the centering point (maximum gain or baroreflex sensitivity, G_max), the curve’s threshold, and its response range. Operating points define the current state of the system; local slopes at operating points and correspond to the variation of RR interval with variation of BP (BPV) near 0.1 Hz near that particular operating point.