Table 2:

The role of lncRNA in endometrial disease

Condition	lncRNA	Role	References
Implantation failure	H19	Downregulated during the mid-luteal phase in women with recurrent implantation failure Downregulated in embryonic chorion tissue from women with spontaneous abortion Acts as ceRNA for let-7 to regulate ITGB3 expression Knockdown impaired trophoblast adhesion and invasion in vitro	He et al., 2019 Zeng et al., 2017 Kallen et al., 2013
	PTENP1	Downregulated in women with unexplained fertility Facilitate apoptosis of endometrial epithelial and decidual cells to allow embryo implantation and invasion through PTEN regulation	Takamura et al., 2020
Preeclampsia	HK2P1	Downregulated in women with severe preeclampsia	Lv et al., 2018
Endometriosis	UCA1	Downregulated in ectopic lesions compared to matched eutopic endometrial tissue of women with ovarian endometriosis. Downregulated in patients’ serum compared to healthy control Can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker Regulation and function in endometriosis are not reported	Huang et al., 2019a
	MEG3-210	Acts as a chromatin-interacting lncRNA and ceRNA Interacts with Galectine-1 Downregulated in eutopic endometrial tissue in women with endometriosis compared to control group; mechanism of action is not clear	Liu et al., 2020 Ghafouri-Fard and Taheri, 2019
	MALAT1	Acts as ceRNA to regulate the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 transcription factors Upregulated in ectopic lesions compared to matched eutopic endometrial tissue and control group	Liang et al., 2017 Liu et al., 2019a
	AFAP1-AS1	Upregulated in ectopic lesions compared to matched eutopic and normal endometrium Promotes migration and invasion of ectopic endometrial epithelial cells via EMT; mechanism not clear	Lin et al., 2019
	CCDC144NL-AS1	Upregulated in ectopic lesions compared to matched eutopic and normal endometrium In vitro knockdown significantly decreased vimentin and MMP9; mechanism not clear	Zhang et al., 2018a
	H19	Controversial: Downregulated in eutopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis; H19 acts as ceRNA and regulates stromal cell proliferation through IGF1R (Ghazal et al., 2015 ). Upregulated in ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrial tissue compared to healthy control; H19 acts as ceRNA and regulates cell proliferation and invasion through ITGB3 (He et al., 2019 ) Upregulated in eutopic endometrial tissue obtained from infertile women with endometriosis compared to control infertile women without endometriosis; H19 acts as ceRNA and regulates stromal cell invasion and migration through ACTA2 (Xu et al., 2019b ).