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Scheme for TLR3-activated moDCs in chronic lung disease. Initial viral replication in DCs activates TLR3 signaling that drives expansion of AT2 cells as a predominant cell source of IL-33 that acts on downstream immune cells (ILC2s and tissue macrophages) to drive IL-13 production and consequent epithelial stem cell differentiation to mucous cells for mucus production that is characteristic of chronic lung disease.
