Table 4.
The characteristics and pregnancy outcomes.
| GDM-N (98) | GDM-W (402) | NGT (1331) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NICE Vs Normal | WHO Vs Normal | ||||
| Age (years) | 29.0 ± 7.0 | 31.7 ± 5.6 | 30 ± 5.7 | 0.095 | 0.974 |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 30.2 ± 5.7 | 31.7 ± 6.3 | 28.7 ± 6.2 | 0.033 | 0.001 |
| Ethnicity | Qatari (43.9%) | Qatari (43.3%) | Qatari (37.2%) | 0.4 | 0.097 |
| Arab (34.7%) | Arab (30.4%) | Arab (36.2%) | |||
| Asian (19.4%) | Asian (22.1%) | Asian (21.7%) | |||
| Others (2.0%) | Others (4.2%) | Others (4.9%) | |||
| PIH | 5 (5.1%) | 18 (4.5%) | 26 (2.0%) | 0.048 | 0.007 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 5 (5.1%) | 11 (2.8%) | 30 (2.3%) | 0.09 | 0.637 |
| Pre-term delivery | 13 (13.5%) | 69 (17.2%) | 145 (10.9%) | 0.432 | 0.001 |
| Induction of labour | 15 (15.3%) | 61 (15.3%) | 136 (10.2%) | 0.112 | 0.005 |
| CS | 41 (41.7%) | 168 (41.8%) | 462 (34.7%) | 0.151 | 0.010 |
| Neonatal outcome | 0.013 | 0.102 | |||
| Live birth | 95 (96.9%) | 396 (98.5%) | 1322 (99.3%) | ||
| Still birth | 3 (3.1%) | 5 (1.24%) | 9 (0.7%) | ||
| Miscarriage | 0% | 1 (0.3%) | 0% | ||
| Weight percentile | 0.744 | < 0.01 | |||
| AGA | 76 (79.2%) | 298 (75.2%) | 1044 (79.0%) | ||
| LGA | 8 (8.3%) | 55 (13.8%) | 88 (6.7%) | ||
| SGA | 12 (12.5%) | 43 (11.0%) | 190 (14.4%) | ||
| NICU | 4 (4.1%) | 58 (14.7%) | 110 (8.3%) | 0.140 | < 0.01 |
| Resp distress | 2 (2.1%) | 32 (8.1%) | 53 (4.9%) | 0.200 | 0.017 |
| Neo hypo | 1 (1.0%) | 45 (11.3%) | 38 (2.9%) | 0.284 | < 0.01 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.51%) | 4 (0.3%) | 0.587 | 0.555 |