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. 2021 Mar 10;12:1563. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21853-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Phylogenic analysis of EpHTT, EpHQT, and EpHCT with functionally identified BAHDs. GeneBank ID of the proteins used in the tree are listed in methods. The HQT and HCT clades are highlighted in orange and pink, respectively, and EpHTT is highlighted in blue. UPLC detection of caftaric acid and chlorogenic acid production by EpHTT (b) and EpHQT (c), respectively. d Relative expression levels of EpHTT and e caftaric acid contents in transgenic overexpression (OX) and RNAi (i) hairy root lines. f Relative expression levels of EpHQT and g chlorogenic acid contents in transgenic hairy root lines. Data are mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). * indicates significant difference from empty vector (EV) control line (P < 0.05) analyzed by two-sided Student’s t-test. *P = 0.0013 (HTT OX1), *P = 0.0005 (HTT OX4), *P = 0.0047 (HTT OX2), *P = 0.0163 (HTT i4), *P = 0.0003 (HTT i7), *P = 0.0002 (HTT i3) in d; *P = 0.0072 (HTT OX1), *P = 0.0230 (HTT OX4), *P = 0.0430 (HTT OX2), *P = 0.0302 (HTT i4), *P = 0.0002 (HTT i7), *P = 0.000008 (HTT i3) in e; *P = 0.0042 (HQT OX8), *P = 0.0118 (HQT OX4), *P = 0.0420 (HQT i9), *P = 0.0298 (HQT i7) in f; *P = 0.0053 (HQT OX6), *P = 0.0013 (HQT OX8), *P = 0.0000004 (HQT OX4), *P = 0.0001 (HQT i9), *P = 0.0005 (HQT i2), *P = 0.000009 (HQT i7) in g. h Cytosolic localization of EpHTT and EpHQT in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Scale bars show 20 µm. This experiment was repeated independently three times with similar results. Source data underlying d-g are provided as a Source Data file.