Table 3.
Association of Antibiotic Overuse After Discharge With 30-Day Adverse Outcomes
| Outcomes at 30 days | Patients with antibiotic overuse after discharge, n = 10 709, n (%) | Patients without antibiotic overuse after discharge, n = 11 116, n (%) | Unadjusted OR per day of antibiotic overuse (95% CI) | Unadjusted P value | Adjusted OR per day of antibiotic overuse (95% CI) | Adjusted P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite adverse outcome | 2485 (23.2) | 2938 (26.4) | .98 (.97–.99) | <.001 | .99 (.97–1.00) | .15 |
| Mortality | 224 (2.1) | 365 (3.3) | .94 (.90–.97) | <.001 | .99 (.94–1.05) | .83 |
| Readmission | 1333 (12.4) | 1654 (14.9) | .97 (.95–.98) | <.001 | .98 (.96–1.01) | .21 |
| Emergency department visit | 1269 (11.8) | 13 988 (12.5) | .99 (.98–1.01) | .28 | .99 (.97–1.01) | .28 |
| Clostridioides difficile infection | 45 (.4) | 58 (.5) | .96 (.89–1.05) | .38 | 1.01 (.94–1.08) | .79 |
| Provider-documented adverse events | 167 (1.6) | 176 (1.6) | 1.01 (.98–1.04) | .71 | 1.01 (.98–1.04) | .60 |
| Patient-reported adverse eventsa | 167/5302 (3.1) | 90/2585 (3.5) | 1.02 (.99–1.05) | .18 | 1.02 (.99–1.05) | .20 |
Outcomes collected via the medical record and a follow-up telephone call at 30 days, and their associations with number of days of antibiotic overuse after discharge are shown. n = 21 825. P values are shown for unadjusted or odds ratios adjusted for hospital clustering, inverse probability of treatment, and known predictors of the outcome of interest (see Supplementary Appendix for details). P values <.05 are significant.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a Data were only collected on patient-reported adverse events if the patient was discharged on antibiotics. The proportions shown include only eligible patients who were able to be reached by telephone.