Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between the two groups
| Variables | Total population (n = 7517) |
Crystalloids alone (n = 6597) |
Early combination (n = 920) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 66.75 (16.24) | 67.02 (16.62) | 67.11 (14.05) | 0.852 |
| Female (%) | 3651 (48.57) | 3253 (49.31) | 398 (43.26) | < 0.001 |
| White (%) | 5359 (64.82) | 4252 (64.45) | 646 (70.22) | < 0.001 |
| Heartrate (bpm) | 89.98 (16.99) | 89.83 (16.99) | 89.39 (17.04) | 0.463 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 78.14 (10.50) | 78.96 (10.78) | 74.10 (8.01) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 20.39 (4.21) | 20.54 (4.21) | 19.36 (3.93) | < 0.001 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.91 (0.66) | 36.93 (0.66) | 36.81 (0.65) | < 0.001 |
| SpO2 (%) | 96.80 (2.73) | 96.72 (2.78) | 97.21 (2.46) | < 0.001 |
| Urine output (L) | 1.59 (1.23) | 1.64 (1.27) | 1.42 (1.04) | < 0.001 |
| SAPS II score | 35.45 (13.54) | 34.98 (13.51) | 36.88 (13.97) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score | 4.85 (2.98) | 4.64 (2.93) | 5.74 (2.92) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/l) | 2.63 (2.15) | 2.50 (2.09) | 2.99 (2.21) | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kgs) | 81.29 (25.66) | 80.42 (25.82) | 85.11 (22.70) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilation (%) | 3552 (47.25) | 2893 (43.85) | 659 (71.63) | < 0.001 |
| RRT (%) | 450 (5.99) | 397 (6.02) | 53 (5.76) | 0.758 |
| Vasopressor (%) | 4119 (54.80) | 3333 (50.52) | 786 (85.43) | < 0.001 |
| Admission, emergency (%) | 4753 (63.23) | 4363 (66.14) | 390 (42.39) | < 0.001 |
| Insurance (%) | 3691 (50.73) | 3269 (51.09) | 422 (48.06) | 0.050 |
| AKI stage (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| 3 | 2408 (32.03) | 2002 (30.35) | 406 (44.13) | |
| 2 | 2472 (32.89) | 2127 (32.24) | 345 (37.50) | |
| 1 | 1008 (13.41) | 902 (13.67) | 106 (11.52) | |
| 0 | 1629 (21.67) | 1566 (23.74) | 63 (6.85) | |
| Infection site, blood (%) | 2330 (31.00) | 2132 (32.32) | 198 (21.52) | < 0.001 |
| Septic shock (%) | 2052 (27.30) | 1828 (27.71) | 224 (24.35) | 0.032 |
| Cancer (%) | 1022 (13.60) | 928 (14.07) | 94 (10.22) | 0.001 |
| Renal disease (%) | 1614 (21.47) | 1426 (21.62) | 188 (20.43) | 0.414 |
| Diabetes (%) | 2250 (29.93) | 1976 (29.95) | 274 (29.78) | 0.916 |
| MI (%) | 1139 (15.15) | 964 (14.61) | 175 (19.02) | < 0.001 |
| Cirrhosis (%) | 580 (7.72) | 479 (7.26) | 101 (10.98) | < 0.001 |
| Antibiotic | ||||
| Carbapenems (%) | 1095 (16.53) | 938 (16.07) | 157 (19.90) | 0.007 |
| Glycopeptide (%) | 5785 (87.31) | 5030 (86.17) | 755 (95.69) | < 0.001 |
| β-lactams (%) | 1875 (28.30) | 1754 (30.05) | 121 (15.34) | < 0.001 |
| Aminoglycosides (%) | 147 (2.22) | 124 (2.12) | 23 (2.92) | 0.157 |
MAP mean arterial blood pressure, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, RRT renal replacement therapy, AKI acute kidney injury, MI myocardial infarction