Fig. 5.

Change (%) in pain/function and various plantarflexor muscle function measures with resistance exercise over time in individuals with Achilles tendinopathy: a pain and function measured by the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment (VISA) self-administered Achilles questionnaire [23, 39, 46, 48, 49], Pain Disability Index [50], visual analog scale (VAS) [24–26, 41] or proportion that had pain with activity [51]; b strength, i.e. peak concentric torque [24, 26, 41, 48, 50], isometric torque [45] or repetition maximum [23]; c endurance, i.e. work done during isotonic contractions [26, 39, 49], heel raise repetitions [23, 46, 51] or mean concentric torque over repeated repetitions; d power, i.e. isotonic heel raise power