Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics
| SCZ1 (Yale) | SCZ2 (COBRE) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | Control | Significance | Schizophrenia | Control | Significance | |||||||
| N | 87 | 90 | 59 | 70 | ||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD |
T-value /χ 2 |
P-value (Two-tailed) |
M | SD | M | SD |
T-value /χ 2 |
P-value (Two-tailed) |
|
| Age | 33.0 | 11.4 | 30.7 | 12.0 | −1.3 | 0.2 | 37.2 | 14.1 | 35.8 | 11.7 | −0.6 | 0.6 |
| Gender %male | 65.6 | 72.4 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 18.6 | 31.4 | 2.7 | 0.1 | ||||
| Education | 13.2 | 2.2 | 15.2 | 2.2 | 6.2 | <0.00001 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 0.008 |
| Educ. Mother | 13.4 | 2.9 | 14.0 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.2 | ||||||
| Educ. Father | 13.7 | 3.5 | 14.4 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | ||||||
| Ed. Primary Caretaker |
4.3 4 |
2.2 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Hand. %right | 85.1 | 88.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 84.7 | 95.7 | 4.6 | 0.03 | ||||
| IQ missing |
97.8 2 |
15.3 | 106.8 7 |
8.9 | 4.6 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| CPZE missing |
228.3 0 |
197.0 | 352.8 1 |
307.7 | ||||||||
| Symptom score | 60.1 | 14.0 | 58.3 | 13.7 | ||||||||
| PANSS Pos | 15.7 | 4.8 | 14.5 | 4.8 | ||||||||
| PANSS Neg | 14.2 | 5.4 | 14.5 | 4.9 | ||||||||
| PANSS Gen | 30.2 | 7.1 | 29.2 | 8.2 | ||||||||
| ADHD-200 | ABIDE | |||||||||||
| ADHD | Control | Significance | ASD | Control | Significance | |||||||
| N | 91 | 84 | 79 | 105 | ||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | T-value/χ 2 | P-value (Two-tailed) | M | SD | M | SD | T-value/χ2 | P-value (Two-tailed) | |
| Age | 11.5 | 2.7 | 12.6 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 0.02 | 14.5 | 7.0 | 15.8 | 6.3 | 1.3 | 0.19 |
| Gender %male | 75.6 | 50.0 | 12.2 | 0.0005 | 86.1 | 75.2 | 3.3 | 0.07 | ||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Hand. score | 65.8 | 25.9 | 62.0 | 24.6 | −1.0 | 0.33 | 41.1 | 50.4 | 65.2 | 27.6 | 4.1 | <0.00001 |
| IQ missing |
106.8 3 |
15.0 | 111.5 7 |
14.5 | 2.0 | 0.04 | 107.9 0 |
16.6 | 113.2 0 |
13.1 | 2.4 | 0.02 |
| on medication missing |
20 51 |
0 0 |
18 0 |
0 0 |
||||||||
| Symptom score missing | 71.6 2 |
8.9 | 45.1 2 |
6.1 | −22.5 | <.000001 | 11.3 0 |
4.1 | ||||
Clarification: IQ: WASI (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence) scores were available for ADHD and ASD, WAIS for the Yale dataset.
Education: Yale: education in years; COBRE: 1 = Grade 6 or less, 2 = Grade 7–11, 3 = high school graduate, 4 = attended college, 5 = graduated 2 years college, 6 = graduated 4 years college.
Symptom scores: ADHD index (ADHD patients and control subjects), ADOS total (ASD patients), PANSS total (Schizophrenia patients).
Hand: Handedness score for ADHD and ASD datasets, percentage right-handed subjects for SCZdata.
PANSS: Positive, negative, and general symptom scores for schizophrenia patients.
CPZE: Chlorpromazine equivalence; measure to compare dosage of different types of antipsychotics.
Missing: Number of subjects for which data are not available. Only mentioned when relevant.