TABLE 2.

Nanoparticles based on lipids for delivery of anti‐VEGF agents

Active molecule	Nanoparticulate system	Components	Mean particle size (nm)	Main results in ocular delivery	Preparation method	Referencs
Bevacizumab	Liposomes	Phospholipids and lipids of different chain size	120–385	in vitro sustained release Slow release and retained antibody activity after intravitreal administration in rabbits	Lipid hydration and extrusion	126
Bevacizumab	Liposomes	Phospholipids and lipids of different chain size	Unspecified	Prolonged residency time of bevacizumab in the rabbit vitreous after intravitreal injection	Dehydration‐rehydration	127
Bevacizumab	Multivesicular liposomes	Phospholipids and lipids of different chain size, albumin and PVA	1190–4360	in vitro sustained release Prolonged residency time in eye after intravitreal injection in a rabbit model Enhanced antiangiogenic efficacy in a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization rat model	Double emulsification	128
Bevacizumab	Solid lipid nanoparticles	Solid lipid mix and stabilizers	515–1213	Enhanced antiangiogenic properties in HUVEC Enhanced in vitro permeability trough a hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer	Fatty‐acid coacervation	129
Bevacizumab and triamcinolone	Lipid nanocapsules	Lipid mix and stabilizers	113–182	Enhanced antiangiogenic properties in HUVEC	Phase inversion temperature	131

Abbreviations: hCMEC/D3, primary human brain microvascular endothelial cell line; HUVEC, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells.