TABLE 3.
Comparison with prior studies to localize the origins of outflow tract arrhythmia.
| Author | Patients | ECG criteria/algorithm | Reported performance in the article | Performance using the database in this study |
| This Study | 420 | 1,600,800 ECG criteria and extreme gradient boosting tree model | SE 96.97% SP 100% PPV 100% NPV 90% AUC 98.99% ACC 97.62% F1-Score 98.46% | |
| Kamakura et al. (1998) | 40 | The R/S transition (first precordial lead with R/S ration >1) in Lead V3 to predict LVOT | SE 80% PPV 40% SP 82.86% NPV 96.67% | SE 30.1% PPV 18.92% SP 63.3% NPV 73.4% |
| Zhang et al. (2009) | 65 | (a) Transitional zone ≥ V4 predicts RVOT origin | SE 94.87% PPV 100% | SE 60.86% PPV 72.47% |
| (b) R-wave duration index <0.5 and R/S wave amplitude index <0.3 in V1/V2 predicts RVOT origin | SE 94.87% PPV 100% | SE 80.24% PPV 73.52% | ||
| Betensky et al. (2011) | 61 | (a) V2 transition ratio (defined as percentage R wave during VT divided by percentage R wave in SR) ≥ 0.6 predicts LVOT origin | SE 95% SP 100% PPV 100% NPV 95% ACC 91% | SE 78.49% SP 89.6% PPV 68.22% NPV 93.61% ACC 87.14% |
| (b) PVC precordial transition later than SR transition predicts RVOT origin | SE 19% SP 100% | SE 23% SP81% | ||
| Yoshida et al. (2011) | 207 | V2S/V3R index ≤ 1.5 predicts LVOT origin | SE 89% SP 94% PPV 84% NPV 96% | SE 69.89% SP 85.63% PPV 58.04% NPV 90.9% |
| Cheng et al. (2013) | 94 | (a) R/S transition at lead V1/V2 predicts LVOT origin | SE 52.4% SP 92.1% PPV 72.6% NPV 85.3% ACC 84.2% | SE 76.34% SP 91.43% PPV 71.72% NPV 93.15% ACC 88.09% |
| (b) R/S transition at lead V3 predicts RVOT origin | SE 39% SP 35.2% PPV 74.2% NPV 29.4% ACC 46.3% | SE 33.33% SP 48.93% PPV 15.66% NPV 72.07% ACC 45.48% | ||
| (c) R/S transition at lead V4 or later predicts RVOT origin | SE 59.3% SP 93.1% PPV 94.6% NPV 46.7% ACC 68.3% | SE 43.01% SP 52.6% PPV 20.51% NPV 76.44% ACC 50.47% | ||
| Yoshida et al. (2014) | 112 | TZ index = TZ score of OTVT minus TZ score of a sinus beat | To aortic sinus cusp SE 88% SP 82% AUC 0.9 | SE 76.05% SP 52.59% |
| Nakano et al. (2014) | 63 | (a) R > S concordance in synthesized right-sided chest leads (Syn-V3R, Syn-V4R, Syn-V5R) predicts an LVOT origin | SE 100% SP 100% | Could not be reproduced by standard 12-lead ECG |
| (b) R/S index (>0.3): A ratio of R-wave amplitude to S-wave amplitude in leads V1 or V2 predicts an LVOT origin | SE 90% SP 98% | SE 53.12% SP 46.05% | ||
| Efimova et al. (2015) | 105 | A QRS-RVA (right ventricular apex) interval ≥ 0.49 ms predicts an LVOT origin. The QRS-RVA interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the distal RVA signal. | SE 98%, SP 94.6%, PPR 94.1%, NPR 98.1%, ACC 96.1% | Could not be reproduced by standard 12-lead ECG |
| Cheng et al. (2018) | 94 | R-wave deflection interval in lead V3 > 80 ms and R-wave amplitude index in lead V1 | SE 100% SP 83% PPV 85.7% NPV 100% ACC 91.7% | SE 59.14% SP 58.1% PPV 28.64% NPV 83.33% ACC 58.33% |
| He et al. (2018) | 488 | Y = −1.15*(TZ) − 0.494*(V2S/V3R) | SE 90% SP 87% AUC 0.88% | SE 78.39% SP 67.23% AUC 0.79% |
| Xie et al. (2018) | 75 | R-wave amplitude ≥ 0.1 mV to predict LVOT | SE 75% SP 98% PPV 92.3% NPV 93% AUC 0.85% | SE 67.74% SP 58.1% PPV 31.5% NPV 86.36% |
| Di et al. (2019) | 184 | V1-V3 transition index to predict RVOT | SE 93% SP 86% AUC 0.931 ACC 95% | SE 70.33% SP 67.74% ACC 69.76% |
The first column presents the first author name and the reference number in the main text; TZ, transition zone; SE, sensitivity; SP, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, native predictive value; ACC, accuracy; AUC, area under curve.