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. 2021 Feb 25;9:640755. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640755

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Copyright © 2021 Lu and Davis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. DSBs in mammalian cells are able to be repaired by at least four pathways, including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA). HR and NHEJ are the dominant DSB repair pathways in normal cells, but the two minor pathways SSA and MMEJ can occur under certain circumstances. Choice between these repair pathways is tightly regulated.