TABLE 1.
RecQ helicase-interacting proteins in DSB repair pathways.
| Pathway | Interacting proteins | Function | References | |
| RECQL1 | NHEJ | Ku70, Ku80, SHDL2 | Promotes NHEJ by interacting with Ku70/80 | Parvathaneni et al., 2013; Howard et al., 2015; Findlay et al., 2018 |
| HR | RAD51 | Undefined function in HR | Sharma and Brosh Jr., 2007 | |
| MMEJ | PARP1 | Promotes MMEJ by an unknown mechanism | Sharma et al., 2012; Berti et al., 2013; Howard et al., 2015 | |
| BLM | HR | DNA2, EXO1, RPA, TOP3A, RMI1, RMI2 | Promotes HR by stimulating 5′ end resection and dissolution of Holliday junction | Doherty et al., 2005; Gravel et al., 2008; Nimonkar et al., 2008; Nimonkar et al., 2011 |
| RAD51 | Inhibits unfavorable HR by melting D-loop | van Brabant et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2001; Bachrati et al., 2006; Bugreev et al., 2007 | ||
| SSA | Unknown | Promotes SSA in HEK293 cells, but not in U2OS cells | Sturzenegger et al., 2014 | |
| MMEJ | 53BP1 | Inhibits MMEJ by interacting with 53BP in G1 cells | Grabarz et al., 2013; Truong et al., 2013 | |
| WRN | NHEJ | Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, XRCC4-LIG4 | Promotes NHEJ by stimulating end processing and DNA end ligation | Cooper et al., 2000; Karmakar et al., 2002a; Kusumoto et al., 2008; Sallmyr et al., 2008; Lachapelle et al., 2011 |
| HR | MRN, EXO1, DNA2, BLM, BRCA1, RPA | Promotes HR by stimulating 5′ end resection by MRN/DNA2 with RPA | Constantinou et al., 2000; Cheng et al., 2004, 2006; Sommers et al., 2005; Lachapelle et al., 2011; Sturzenegger et al., 2014 | |
| RAD51, RAD54 | Disrupts potentially deleterious HR intermediates | Otterlei et al., 2006; Opresko et al., 2009 | ||
| MMEJ | CtIP, MRE11, PARP1, LIG3 | Inhibits end resection by limiting the recruitment of MRE11 and CtIP to DSBs, especially in G1 cells | Sallmyr et al., 2008; Shamanna et al., 2016b | |
| SSA | DNA2, RAD52 | Promotes 5′ end resection and enhances the efficiency of RAD52-mediated strand annealing | Baynton et al., 2003; Sturzenegger et al., 2014 | |
| RECQL4 | NHEJ | Ku70, Ku80 | Promotes NHEJ by interacting with Ku70/80 | Shamanna et al., 2014; Lu et al., 2017 |
| HR | MRE11, NBS1, RAD50, CtIP, BLM, EXO1, DNA2, RAD51 | Promotes 5′ end resection by stimulating the recruitment of CtIP, BLM, DNA2, and EXO1 and nuclease activity of MRN | Petkovic et al., 2005; Singh et al., 2012; Lu et al., 2016, 2017 | |
| SSA | Unknown | Inhibits RAD52-mediated SSA | Kohzaki et al., 2020 | |
| MMEJ | Unknown | Promotes MMEJ with an unknown mechanism | Kohzaki et al., 2020 | |
| RECQL5 | HR | MRN, RAD51 | Inhibits exonuclease of MRE11 and RAD51-mediated D-loop formation and displaces RAD51 from ssDNA | Hu et al., 2007; Zheng et al., 2009; Schwendener et al., 2010; Paliwal et al., 2014 |
| SSA | Unknown | Promotes SSA with an unknown mechanisms in Drosophila | Chen et al., 2010 |
DSB, double-strand break; BLM, Bloom syndrome protein; WRN, Werner syndrome helicase; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining; HR, homologous recombination; MMEJ, microhomology-mediated end joining; SSA, single-strand annealing.