Table 5. PHLDA and p53 protein expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients with lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma (Chi-square test; P value <0.05).

Characteristic	PHLDA1 (cell/mm2)				PHLDA2 (cell/mm2)				PHLDA3 (cell/mm2)
	Low	High	P value		Low	High	P value		Low	High	P value
Age (years)			0.42				0.11				0.11
>61.5	27 (27.6%)	22 (22.4%)			29 (29.6%)	20 (20.4%)			29 (29.6%)	20 (20.4%)
≤61.5	22 (22.4%)	27 (27.6%)			20 (20.4%)	29 (29.6%)			20 (20.4%)	29 (29.6%)
Sex			0.09				1.0				0.09
Female	13 (13.0%)	22 (22.0%)			17 (17.0%)	18 (18.0%)			13 (13.0%)	22 (22.0%)
Male	37 (37.0%)	28 (28.0%)			33 (33.0%)	32 (32.0%)			37 (37.0%)	28 (28.0%)
Tumor type			0.42				0.22				<0.01
LUAD	18 (17.6%)	23 (22.5%)			17 (16.7%)	24 (23.5%)			12 (11.8%)	29 (28.4%)
MM	33 (32.4%)	28 (27.5%)			34 (33.3%)	27 (26.5%)			39 (38.2%)	22 (21.6%)
Tumor stage†			0.61				0.30				<0.01
I	7 (7.0%)	8 (8.0%)			7 (7.0%)	8 (8.0%)			3 (3.0%)	12 (12.0%)
II	7 (7.0%)	7 (7.0%)			5 (5.0%)	9 (9.0%)			5 (5.0%)	9 (9.0%)
III	1 (1.0%)	4 (4.0%)			2 (2.0%)	3 (3.0%)			1 (1.0%)	4 (4.0%)
IV	35 (35.0%)	31 (31.0%)			36 (36.0%)	30 (30.0%)			41 (41.0%)	25 (25.0%)
Statusa			0.36				0.20				0.58
Alive	13 (13.3%)	20 (20.4%)			12 (12.2%)	21 (21.4%)			17 (17.3%)	16 (16.3%)
Dead	34 (34.7%)	28 (28.6%)			35 (35.7%)	27 (27.6%)			30 (30.6%)	32 (32.7%)
Overall survival			0.28				0.83				0.83
>19.9 months	25 (29.4%)	18 (21.2%)			22 (25.9%)	21 (24.7%)			22 (25.9%)	21 (24.7%)
≤19.9 months	19 (22.4%)	23 (27.1%)			20 (23.5%)	22 (25.9%)			23 (27.1%)	19 (22.4%)
p53			0.03				0.01				<0.01
≤2.9 cell/mm2	30 (30.6%)	19 (19.4%)			31 (31.6%)	18 (18.4%)			32 (3.7%)	17 (17.3%)
>2.9 cell/mm2	18 (18.4%)	31 (31.6%)			18 (18.4%)	31 (31.6%)			18 (18.4%)	31 (31.6%)

^†, according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (1,23,24). ^a, 3 cases could not define the patient’s status. PHLDA, pleckstrin homology domain family A; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; MM, malignant mesothelioma.