Table 3. Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary embolism group by mortality.
| Variables | Non-survivors (n=49) | Survivors (n=586) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| General information | |||
| Age, years | 68.15±16.47 | 57.37±16.63 | <0.001 |
| Female gender | 12 (24.5) | 257 (43.9) | 0.008 |
| Smoking status | 0.67 | ||
| Smoker/ever smoker | 12 (24.5) | 160 (27.3) | |
| Non-smoker | 37 (75.5) | 426 (72.7) | |
| Body mass index | 22.67±3.54 | 23.83±4.07 | 0.183 |
| Presenting manifestation | |||
| Dyspnea | 44 (89.8) | 397 (67.9) | <0.001 |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 5 (10.2) | 216 (36.9) | <0.001 |
| Hemoptysis | 6 (12.2) | 161 (27.5) | 0.02 |
| Leg pain or swelling | 19 (38.8) | 185 (31.6) | 0.299 |
| Syncope | 15 (30.6) | 73 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| Fever | 7 (14.9) | 40 (7.1) | 0.053 |
| Predisposing or comorbid condition | |||
| Immobilization | 18 (36.7) | 180 (30.7) | 0.382 |
| Trauma | 1 (2.0) | 7 (1.2) | 0.476 |
| Cancer | 12 (24.5) | 109 (18.6) | 0.313 |
| Stroke | 5 (10.2) | 38 (6.5) | 0.366 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease* | 21 (42.9) | 175 (29.9) | 0.059 |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 5 (10.2) | 27 (4.6) | 0.091 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (18.4) | 2 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs | |||
| Blood pressure | |||
| Hypotension, systolic blood pressure | 6 (12.8) | 33 (5.8) | 0.061 |
| Normal blood pressure or hypertension | 41 (87.2) | 533 (94.2) | 0.061 |
| Heart rate | 97.62±22.98 | 86.59±15.79 | 0.002 |
| Respiratory rate | 21.45±4.45 | 20.66±2.66 | 0.236 |
| SpO2 | 92.33±5.71 | 94.75±5.57 | 0.047 |
| SPESI | <0.001 | ||
| High risk | 41 (83.7) | 337 (57.5) | |
| Low risk | 8 (16.3) | 249 (42.5) | |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| WBC (×10^9/L) | 10.68 (7.42–12.86) | 7.84 (5.64–10.75) | <0.001 |
| PLT (×10^9/L) | 115 [78–190] | 177 [132–243] | <0.001 |
| NT- proBNP (pg/mL) | 2800 (889.25–8,085.5) | 425 (106.5–2,163.5) | <0.001 |
| Troponin T (ng/L) | 69.45 (33.45–269.95) | 16.3 (7.30–38.00) | <0.001 |
| CK-MB (ng/mL) | 4.51 (1.97–13.99) | 1.55 (0.90–3.32) | <0.001 |
| Radiologic findings | |||
| Pleural effusion | 36 (73.5) | 327 (55.8) | 0.016 |
| Small pleural effusion | 35 (97.2) | 320 (97.9) | 0.805 |
| Mass pleural effusion | 1 (2.8) | 7 (2.1) | 0.570 |
| Location of the largest pulmonary emboli (bilateral) | 29 (59.2) | 299 (51.2) | 0.283 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 4 (57.1) | 232 (56.2) | 1 |
| Right ventricle dilation on computed tomography | 18 (37.5) | 184 (31.4) | 0.383 |
| Pulmonary infarction | 9 (18.8) | 137 (23.4) | 0.464 |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| Respiratory failure | 24 [49] | 80 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Systemic thrombolysis | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 18.76±21.40 | 17.90±19.57 | 0.810 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 9 (18.4) | 12 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Tracheal intubation | 7 (50.0) | 5 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Hospital bleeding | 7 (28.0) | 27 (14.6) | 0.142 |