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. 2021 Feb 25;11:614332. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.614332

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Molecular mechanisms contributing to Cetuximab resistance, in particular through alterations of the EGFR pathways, activation of bypass pathways and alterations of downstream signaling effectors. Red lines and arrows show mechanisms contributing to Cetuximab resistance, and green lines and arrows show mechanisms contributing to Cetuximab sensitivity. (CTX, Cetuximab; EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; RTK, Tyrosine Kinase Receptor; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition; uPAR, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; PTPRS, Transmembrane Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase RPTPsigma; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; AURKA, Aurora Kinase A; AURKB, Aurora Kinase B).