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. 2021 Feb 25;11:614332. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.614332

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Copyright © 2021 Ortiz-Cuaran, Bouaoud, Karabajakian, Fayette and Saintigny

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Molecular mechanisms contributing to Cetuximab resistance through the establishment of an immunosuppressive TME. Red lines and arrows show mechanisms contributing to Cetuximab resistance, and green lines and arrows show mechanisms contributing to Cetuximab sensitivity. (EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; NK, Natural Killer; PD1, Programmed death 1; PDL1, Programmed Death Ligand 1; KIR, Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor; ADCC, Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; HLA-C, Human leukocyte antigen-C; TGF, transforming growth factor; Treg, regulatory T-cells; MDSC, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells).