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. 2021 Feb 25;12:639582. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639582

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Copyright © 2021 Paulsson, Kragh, Su, Sandblad, Singh, Bjarnsholt and Riesbeck.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Peptidoglycan-binding anchor (Pba)-deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa are morphologically different and shed outer membrane vesicles. Transmission electron micrographs of wild-type P. aeruginosa (PAO1) (A,C,E,G) and the corresponding mutated strain with a transposon ISlacZ/hah insert in pba (PW2884) (B,D,F,H). Bacterial cells were fixated from liquid cultures with high-pressure freezing (HPF) (A–D) and from agar plates with chemfix (E–H). A widened periplasmic space is depicted at the poles of Pba-deficient cells fixated with HPF (black asterisks), but not with chemfix. Outer membrane vesicles are present only in chemfixed Pba-deficient cells (black arrows). Pictures were recorded at ×7,400 (A,B,E,F) or ×17,500 (C,D,G,H) magnification.