Table 2.
Sociodemographic characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-GDM cases
| Characteristic | 2017 training group | P | 2018 testing group | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM cases | Controls | GDM cases | Controls | |||
| n = 2696 | n = 14 123 | n = 2216 | n = 13 155 | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 32 (29-36) | 30 (28-34) | < .001 | 33 (30-36) | 30 (28-33) | < .001 |
| < 38 | 2340 (86.8) | 13240 (93.7) | < .00 | 1933 (87.2) | 12324 (93.7) | < .00 |
| ≥ 38 | 356 (13.2) | 883 (6.3) | 1 | 283 (12.8) | 831 (6.3) | 1 |
| Weight, kg, before pregnancy, median (IQR) | 56.0 (52.0-62.0) | 54.5 (50.0-59.0) | < .001 | 58.0 (52.0-64.0) | 55.0 (50.0-59.0) | < .001 |
| Height, cm, median (IQR) | 161.0 (158.0-165.0) | 162.0 (159.0-165.0) | < .001 | 161.0 (158.0-165.0) | 162.0 (160.0-165.0) | < .001 |
| BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 21.6 (20.1-23.6) | 20.7 (19.3-22.3) | < .001 | 22.1 (20.1-24.4) | 20.8 (19.5-22.1) | < .001 |
| ≤ 23 | 1620 (60.1) | 9926 (70.2) | < .00 | 1386 (62.5) | 11 064 (84.1) | < .00 |
| > 23 | 1076 (39.9) | 4197 (29.7) | 1 | 830 (37.5) | 2091 (15.9) | 1 |
| Drinking | 7 (0.3) | 39 (0.3) | 1.00 | 35 (1.6) | 218 (1.7) | 0.79 |
| Smoking | 14 (0.5) | 81 (0.6) | .89 | 13 (0.6) | 61 (0.5) | 0.44 |
| Educational background | ||||||
| Primary school degree | 5 (0.2) | 10 (0.1) | < .001 | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.05) | < .001 |
| Junior high school degree | 102 (3.8) | 286 (2) | 65 (2.9) | 295 (2.2) | ||
| High school degree | 162 (6) | 727 (5.1) | 142 (6.4) | 647 (4.9) | ||
| University degree and above | 2427 (90.0) | 13 100 (92.8) | 2006 (90.5) | 12 207 (92.8) | ||
| Family history of diabetes in a first-degree relative | 439 (16.3) | 763 (5.4) | < .001 | 341 (15.4) | 705 (5.4) | < .001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IQR, interquartile range.