Table 5.
Selected 17 variables in the training group and testing group
| Characteristic | 2017 training group | P | 2018 testing group | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM cases | Controls | GDM cases | Control | |||
| n = 2696 n (%) | n = 14 123 n (%) | n = 2216 n (%) | n = 13 155 n (%) | |||
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 32 (29-36) | 30 (28-34) | < .001 | 33 (30-36) | 30 (28-33) | < .001 |
| Agea, ≥ 38 y | 356 (13.2) | 883 (6.3) | < .001 | 283 (12.8) | 831 (6.3) | < .001 |
| Smoking | 14 (0.5) | 81 (0.6) | .89 | 13 (0.6) | 61 (0.5) | .44 |
| Family history of diabetes in a first-degree relative | 439 (16.3) | 763 (5.4) | < .001 | 341 (15.4) | 705 (5.4) | < .001 |
| Personal history of GDM | 132 (4.9) | 44 (0.3) | < .001 | 94 (4.2) | 44 (0.3) | < .001 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 110 (4.1) | 379 (2.7) | < .001 | 80 (3.6) | 386 (2.9) | < .001 |
| Multipara | 1053 (39.1) | 4486 (31.8) | < .001 | 825 (37.2) | 4008 (30.5) | < .001 |
| ApoA | 2.01 (1.93-2.08) | 1.98 (1.94-2.02) | < .001 | 2.15 (2.01-2.29) | 2.14 (2.01-2.27) | .17 |
| ApoB | 0.89 (0.84-0.94) | 0.85 (0.84-0.88) | < .001 | 0.79 (0.70-0.91) | 0.74 (0.65-0.85) | < .001 |
| Triglyceride | 1.47 (1.15-1.89) | 1.22 (0.97-1.52) | < .001 | 1.49 (1.16-1.93) | 1.24 (0.98-1.57) | < .001 |
| Lipoprotein(a) | 157.8 (101.5-185.9) | 191.2 (173.3-210.9) | < .001 | 103.0 (46.0-216.3) | 123.0 (57.0-232.0) | < .001 |
| FPG, mM | 4.77 (4.49-5.13) | 4.50 (4.30-4.70) | < .001 | 4.78 (4.50-5.14) | 4.54 (4.33-4.73) | < .001 |
| FPGa, ≥ 5.1 and < 7.0 mM, n (%) | 766 (28.4) | 494 (3.5) | < .001 | 614 (27.7) | 400 (3.0) | < .001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.3 (5.1-5.5) | 5.1 (5.0-5.3) | < .001 | 5.4 (5.2-5.6) | 5.2 (5.1-5.4) | < .001 |
| HbA1ca, > 5.7 and < 6.5, n (%) | 179 (6.6) | 71 (0.5) | < .001 | 241 (10.9) | 131 (1.0) | < .001 |
| Total thyroxin, pM | 114.2 (106.6-119.0) | 116.0 (112.6-120.1) | < .001 | 115.7 (99.4-132.9) | 118.9 (102.8-134.2) | < .001 |
| Total 3,3,5′-triiodothyronine, nM | 2.10 (2.00-2.23) | 2.02 (1.97-2.08) | < .001 | 2.10 (1.90-2.40) | 2.00 (1.80-2.30) | < .001 |
Abbreviations: ApoA, apolipoprotein A; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HBA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
a Categorical variable: age younger than 38 years: 0, age 38 years or older: 1; FPG less than 5.1 mmol/L: 0, FPG 5.1 or greater and less than 7.0 mmol/L: 1; HbA1c 5.7 or less: 0, HbA1c greater than 5.7 and less than 6.5: 1.