Table 2.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of total primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma cases.
| Total PHPT | Adenoma | Hyperplasia | Carcinoma | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 457 | 280 | 67 | 14 | |
| Age, y | 58.44 ± 14.11 * | 58.24 ± 14.02 | 56.10 ± 13.18 | 54.07 ± 12.09 | 0.320 |
| Age<50 years | 21.4% | 21.4% | 28.4% | 50.0% c | 0.033 |
| Age of onset, year | 56.16 ± 14.60 | 56.31 ± 14.48 | 54.48 ± 13.60 | 54.17 ± 12.41 | 0.585 |
| Sex (female: male) | 3.4:1 | 3.1:1 | 5.7:1 | 2.5:1 | 0.182 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.65 ± 3.34 | 23.59 ± 3.25 | 23.78 ± 3.17 | 20.92 ± 3.47 c , d | 0.033 |
| Tumor size, cm | 1.80 (1.30–2.50) | 1.80 (1.50–2.50) d | 1.15 (1.00–2.00) | 3.75 (3.00–4.88) b , c | <0.001 |
| Serum PTH, pg/ml | 168.35 (115.30–370.98)† | 200.50 (128.28–431.50) d | 152.50 (103.20–285.65) | 1,315.00 (530.13–2,060.25) a , b | <0.001 |
| Serum intra-PTH, pg/ml |
49.42 (28.64–83.05) | 47.60 (28.16–83.06) | 44.25 (28.09–60.86) | 171.30 (80.96–362) a , b | 0.005 |
| Serum post-PTH, pg/ml | 15.61 (8.76–31.11) | 15.26 (7.90–29.37) | 20.53 (11.82–33.55) | 18.98 (10.42–76.90) | 0.067 |
| Albumin-corrected serum calcium, mmol/L |
2.83 (2.70–3.10) | 2.86 (2.72–3.11) | 2.79 (2.66–3.03) | 3.30 (3.13–4.03) a , b | <0.001 |
| Hypercalcemic crisis (>3.5 mmol/L) | 8.3% | 7.3% | 7.0% | 38.5% a , b | 0.005 |
| Serum phosphate, mmol/L |
0.83 ± 0.18 | 0.81 ± 0.23 | 0.86 ± 0.16 | 0.84 ± 0.38 | 0.408 |
| Serum 25 (OH)D, ng/ml |
14.03 (10.12–17.74) | 13.00 (10.01–16.62) | 15.90 (8.63–20.64) | 11.05 (8.83–14.79) | 0.193 |
| Serum β-CTX, ng/L | 863.30 (453.25–1,321.75) | 1,007.30 (647.33–1,536.50) b | 563.00 (266.35–772.18) | 2,972.00 (2,457.50–5,283.50) b , c | <0.001 |
| Serum OC, ng/ml | 41.72 (24.98–71.21) | 49.57 (31.39–97.71) d | 31.91 (22.10–50.94) | 300.00 (199.60–300.00) a , b | <0.001 |
| Serum ALP, U/L | 104 (76–150) | 114 (83–161) | 86 (70–124) | 434 (155–769) a , b | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L |
59 (51–76) | 60 (51–75) | 56 (49–72) | 81 (52–129) | 0.159 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 128.41 ± 17.73 | 128.32 ± 19.56 | 128.57 ± 11.25 | 120.93 ± 28.36 | 0.894 |
| Albumin, g/L | 44.51 ± 4.13 | 45.07 ± 6.76 | 44.40 ± 4.37 | 43.29 ± 6.29 | 0.473 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.47 (0.90–1.99) | 1.59 (1.04–2.14) | 1.33 (0.78–1.89) | 1.67 (0.93–2.41) | 0.782 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.75 ± 1.05 | 4.70 (4.11–5.45) | 4.74 (3.55–5.14) | 4.65 (3.87–5.67) | 0.853 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.25 ± 0.36 | 1.18 ± 0.30 | 1.38 ± 0.49 | 1.55 ± 0.66 | 0.318 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.78 ± 0.83 | 2.83 ± 0.93 | 2.58 ± 0.79 | 2.38 ± 0.33 | 0.463 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.32 (4.92–5.98) | 5.32 (4.92–5.87) | 5.24 (4.81–6.03) | 5.21 (4.75–5.65) | 0.632 |
*Normally distributed data are shown as the mean ± SD.
†Non-normally distributed data are shown as the median (interquartile range).
25OHD, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D; β-CTX, β-crosslaps of type 1 collagen containing cross-linked C-telopeptide; OC, serum osteocalcin in the form of N-terminal mid-molecule fragment, ALP, total alkaline phosphatase; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG: fasting plasma glucose.
Normal range: PTH: 15–65 pg/ml, calcium: 2.08–2.60 mmol/L, phosphate: 0.80–1.60 mmol/L, 25OHD: >30 ng/ml, β-CTX: 278–540 ng/L(19), OC: 13.07–27.68 ng/ml(19), ALP: 15–112 U/L, creatinine: 53.0–115.0 mol/L, hemoglobin: 130–175 g/L, albumin: 35–55 g/L, TG: 0.45–1.81 mmol/L, TC: 2.80–5.90 mmol/L, HDL-C: 0.90–1.68 mmol/L, LDL-C: 2.84–4.10 mmol/L, FPG: 3.90–5.80 mmol/L.
P < 0.01 compared to parathyroid adenoma.
P < 0.01 compared to parathyroid hyperplasia.
P < 0.05 compared to parathyroid adenoma.
P < 0.05 compared to parathyroid hyperplasia.
Bold numbers represent P < 0.05.