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. 2021 Feb 25;11:588664. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.588664

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Copyright © 2021 Gagnon and Delpire.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Model showing sodium-dependent transporters and possible signaling roles. Several Na⁺-dependent solute carriers with their individual stoichiometry of ions, sugars, and amino acids are depicted. SGLT, Na⁺-dependent glucose cotransporter; EAAT, Na⁺-dependent excitatory amino acid transporter; NCX, Na⁺-dependent Ca²⁺ exchanger; NHE, Na⁺-dependent hydrogen exchanger; NKCC, Na⁺-dependent potassium chloride cotransporter; NCC, Na⁺-dependent chloride cotransporter; NME, Na⁺-dependent magnesium exchanger; SCN, Sodium Channel. Transporters are regulated by alpha adrenergic (αAR), angiotensin II (AT), and endothelin (ET) receptors.