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. 2021 Feb 25;11:629780. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629780

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Copyright © 2021 Leong and Lung

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A schematic diagram shows the impact of EBV on epigenetic dysregulation in NPC. LMP1 activates JNK and NFκB signaling pathways to enhance expression of DNMTs, resulting in promoter DNA hypermethylation in the TSGs including CDH1 (encoding E-cadherin) and PTEN. LMP1 may also promote phosphorylation of ERK1/2, resulting in phosphorylation of H3Ser10 to activate the expression of AP-1. Up-regulation of EBNA1 inhibits DDR genes expression probably through dysregulating bivalent switches in NPE cell lines.