. 2021 Feb 25;12:627499. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.627499

TABLE 2.

Effect of commercial immunostimulants on water quality parameters in different groups of Nile tilapia, O. niloticus after 8 weeks.

Items	Control	Yeast Plus^®	Sanolife PRO-F^®	Biotronic^® Top³	Digestarom^®
D. O.	5.17^d ± 0.13	5.34^b ± 0.22	5.39^a ± 0.13	5.27^c ± 0.31	5.29^c ± 0.13
pH	7.72^a ± 0.15	7.66^a ± 0.31	7.78^a ± 0.39	7.44^a ± 0.17	7.38^a ± 0.22
NH₃	0.08^a ± 0.002	0.04^d ± 0.002	0.01^e ± 0.002	0.05^b ± 0.003	0.03^c ± 0.001
NO₂^–	0.38^a ± 0.017	0.28^c ± 0.021	0.25^d ± 0.027	0.30^b ± 0.018	0.27^c ± 0.026
NO₃^–	4.19^a ± 0.27	3.78^d ± 0.28	3.65^e ± 0.36	3.87^b ± 0.27	3.77^c ± 0.33

D.O, Dissolved oxygen (mg/l); pH; NH₃, Unionized ammonia mg L^–1; NO₂^–, Nitrite (mg L^–1); NO₃^–, Nitrate (mg L^–1). Data represented as means ± SE (n = 3). Within rows, means with different superscripts a, b, c, and d indicating that their corresponding means are significantly different at P < 0.05.