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. 2021 Mar 10;156(5):1–8. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.0041

Table 4. Risk Factors for Mortality, Increased Length of Stay, and Blood Loss During Surgery.

Characteristic Mortality, aOR (95% CI) P value Increase in log of LOS (95% CI), d P value EBL, aOR (95% CI) per 1-unit increase in EBL category P value Unplanned return to the operating room, aOR (95% CI) P value
Hemorrhagic shock 3.04 (1.44-6.45) .004 1.03 (0.97-1.09) .30 15.51 (10.46-23.00) <.001 1.27 (0.68-2.38) .46
Surgeon experience, y
<6 1 [Reference] NA 1 [Reference] NA 1 [Reference] NA 1 [Reference] NA
6-10 1.08 (0.59-1.98) .80 1.02 (0.98-1.08) .21 1.04 (0.65-1.68) .84 0.66 (0.40-1.09) .10
11-30 1.10 (0.48-2.51) .82 0.98 (0.91-1.05) .82 0.85 (0.48-1.52) .58 0.34 (0.13-0.90) .03
>30 0.88 (0.23-3.34) .85 0.65 (0.58-0.72) <.001 1.61 (0.78-3.35) .20 1.11 (0.45-2.75) .81
Emergency Surgery Score 1.49 (1.35-1.64) <.001 1.12 (1.11-1.13) <.001 NA NA 1.12 (1.03-1.21) .01
Trauma patient 0.92 (0.46-1.86) .82 1.19 (1.13-1.25) <.001 NA NA 0.97 (0.56-1.68) .92
Case complexity
Level 1 1 [Reference] NA 1 [Reference] NA 1 [Reference] NA 1 [Reference] NA
Level 2 2.86 (0.36-22.60) .32 1.22 (1.12-1.34) <.001 1.54 (0.91-2.62) .11 1.24 (0.45-3.41) .68
Level 3 3.60 (0.46-28.43) .22 1.35 (1.23-1.47) <.001 3.48 (2.04-5.92) <.001 1.13 (0.41-3.14) .82
Level 4 4.13 (0.45-37.77) .21 1.68 (1.50-1.88) <.001 8.24 (4.03-16.85) <.001 6.98 (2.28-21.36) <.001

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; EBL, estimated blood loss; LOS, length of stay; NA, not applicable.