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. 2021 Mar 4;27(Suppl 1):i13–i18. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043517

Table 1.

Groups 1 and 2 traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related signs and symptoms and criteria used for categorisation of levels of certainty of TBI in sampled emergency department and shock trauma centre medical records uniquely assigned International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code S09.90 (‘unspecified injury of head’)

Groups 1 and 2 TBI-related signs and symptoms
Group 1 signs/symptoms Dazed/foggy/confused
Memory problems
Loss of consciousness
Group 2 signs/symptoms Nausea or vomiting
Headache/pressure in head
Dizziness/poor balance
Change in vision
Poor concentration
Sensitivity to noise/light
Irritable/change in mood
Drowsiness/change in sleep
Speech problems
Hearing problems
Weakness/numbness
Criteria and categorisation of levels of certainty of TBI:
Documentation of injury event? Group 1 signs/symptoms Group 2 signs/symptoms CT, MRI or X-ray imaging is positive for TBI?
High Yes (and) 1 or more (or) 3 or more (or) Yes
Medium Yes (and) N/A 2 (or) Suspected
Low Yes (and) N/A Only 1 (and) No
None Yes (and) N/A No No
No N/A N/A N/A

CT scan, Computed tomography; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging; N/A, not applicable.