TABLE 1.
Characteristics of women by categories of weight change since 18 y in the EARTH Study1
| Weight change since 18 y (kg) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | <0 | 0–4.9 | 5–9.9 | 10–14.9 | ≥15 | P value2 |
| Median weight change, kg | −3.1 | 2.5 | 7.4 | 12.3 | 22.0 | |
| Number of women | 58 | 129 | 117 | 75 | 107 | |
| Personal characteristics | ||||||
| Current age, y | 34.7 ± 3.7 | 35.0 ± 4.0 | 35.1 ± 4.1 | 36.3 ± 3.7 | 36.2 ± 4.4 | 0.01 |
| Height, cm | 163.7 ± 5.9 | 164.9 ± 6.7 | 165.4 ± 6.5 | 164.6 ± 7.1 | 166.6 ± 6.8 | 0.09 |
| BMI at 18 y, kg/m2 | 22.5 ± 2.4 | 20.8 ± 2.1 | 20.2 ± 2.6 | 20.6 ± 3.7 | 21.2 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Current BMI, kg/m2 | 21.0 ± 2.1 | 21.8 ± 2.1 | 23.0 ± 2.7 | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 29.8 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Years since 18 y | 16.7 ± 3.7 | 17.0 ± 4.0 | 17.1 ± 4.1 | 18.3 ± 3.7 | 18.2 ± 4.4 | 0.01 |
| Ever smoker | 13 (22.4) | 32 (24.8) | 34 (29.1) | 18 (24.0) | 30 (28.0) | 0.84 |
| White | 49 (84.5) | 108 (83.7) | 96 (82.1) | 60 (80.0) | 86 (80.4) | 0.93 |
| Education | <0.001 | |||||
| <College | 1 (1.7) | 4 (3.1) | 4 (3.4) | 7 (9.3) | 16 (15.0) | |
| College degree | 23 (39.7) | 39 (30.2) | 55 (47.0) | 29 (38.7) | 45 (42.1) | |
| Graduate degree | 34 (58.6) | 86 (66.7) | 58 (49.6) | 39 (52.0) | 46 (43.0) | |
| Cycle characteristics | ||||||
| Parous | 6 (10.3) | 12 (9.3) | 17 (14.5) | 10 (13.3) | 17 (15.9) | 0.56 |
| Previous IUI | 26 (44.8) | 35 (27.1) | 40 (34.2) | 29 (38.7) | 38 (35.5) | 0.17 |
| Previous IVF | 9 (15.5) | 19 (14.7) | 24 (20.5) | 20 (26.7) | 26 (24.3) | 0.18 |
| Primary infertility diagnosis | 0.67 | |||||
| Male factor | 17 (29.3) | 34 (26.4) | 36 (30.8) | 28 (37.3) | 34 (31.8) | |
| Female factor | 15 (25.9) | 41 (31.8) | 35 (29.9) | 20 (26.7) | 38 (35.5) | |
| Diminished ovarian reserve | 5 (8.6) | 15 (11.6) | 14 (12.0) | 5 (6.7) | 10 (9.4) | |
| Endometriosis | 1 (1.7) | 6 (4.7) | 7 (6.0) | 3 (4.0) | 10 (9.4) | |
| Ovulation disorders | 8 (13.8) | 7 (5.4) | 7 (6.0) | 6 (8.0) | 7 (6.5) | |
| Tubal factor | 1 (1.7) | 11 (8.5) | 5 (4.3) | 5 (6.7) | 9 (8.4) | |
| Uterine disorders | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1.9) | |
| Unexplained | 26 (44.8) | 54 (41.9) | 46 (39.3) | 27 (36.0) | 35 (32.7) | |
| PCOS | 5 (8.6) | 12 (9.3) | 10 (8.6) | 6 (8.0) | 17 (15.9) | 0.31 |
| Treatment protocol | 0.42 | |||||
| Antagonist | 8 (13.8) | 15 (11.6) | 19 (16.2) | 10 (13.3) | 14 (13.1) | |
| Flare | 2 (3.5) | 14 (10.9) | 14 (12.0) | 10 (13.3) | 20 (18.7) | |
| Luteal phase agonist | 44 (75.9) | 88 (68.2) | 74 (63.3) | 51 (68.0) | 62 (57.9) | |
| Egg donor or cryo | 4 (6.9) | 12 (9.3) | 10 (8.6) | 4 (5.3) | 11 (10.3) | |
| Day 3 FSH, IU/L | 7.3 ± 2.1 | 7.6 ± 3.5 | 7.5 ± 2.6 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 0.93 |
| Embryo transfer day3 | 0.62 | |||||
| Day 2 | 3 (6.8) | 8 (7.8) | 4 (4.2) | 2 (3.1) | 6 (7.2) | |
| Day 3 | 18 (40.9) | 53 (51.5) | 43 (45.3) | 36 (55.4) | 44 (53.0) | |
| Day 5 | 23 (52.3) | 42 (40.8) | 48 (50.5) | 27 (41.5) | 33 (39.8) | |
| Number of embryos transferred3 | 0.40 | |||||
| 1 embryo | 11 (25.6) | 30 (29.1) | 21 (22.1) | 14 (21.5) | 22 (26.5) | |
| 2 embryos | 27 (62.8) | 58 (56.3) | 56 (59.0) | 36 (55.4) | 39 (47.0) | |
| ≥3 embryos | 5 (11.6) | 15 (14.6) | 18 (19.0) | 15 (23.1) | 22 (26.5) | |
1Values are number (%) of women or means ± SDs unless otherwise indicated. FSH, follicle stimulation hormone; IUI, intrauterine insemination; IVF, in vitro fertilization; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome.
2From Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2 tests or Fisher exact tests (when 1 or more cell counts were ≤5) for categorical variables.
3Embryo transfer day and number were assessed only among fresh cycles with embryo transfer.