TABLE 3.
Associations between maternal RBC manganese concentrations and child elevated blood pressure1
| OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile | n | Case, n (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Age 3–12 y | |||||
| Q1 | 315 | 89 (28.3) | 1.39 (1.01, 1.90)2 | 1.30 (0.94, 1.79) | 1.28 (0.93, 1.78) |
| Q2 + Q3 | 636 | 139 (21.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q4 | 317 | 89 (28.1) | 1.46 (1.07, 2.00)2 | 1.49 (1.08, 2.04)2 | 1.47 (1.07, 2.03)2 |
| Age 3–5 y | |||||
| Q1 | 299 | 94 (31.4) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.34) |
| Q2 + Q3 | 599 | 186 (31.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q4 | 289 | 289 (30.1) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) |
| Age 6–12 y | |||||
| Q1 | 249 | 63 (25.3) | 1.52 (1.04, 2.21)2 | 1.40 (0.96, 2.06) | 1.44 (0.97, 2.13) |
| Q2 + Q3 | 497 | 92 (18.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q4 | 233 | 61 (26.2) | 1.65 (1.13, 2.40)2 | 1.69 (1.16, 2.48)3 | 1.71 (1.16, 2.52)3 |
1The model for ages 3–12 y included 1268 mother-child pairs. The model for ages 3–5 y included 1187 mother-child pairs. The model for ages 6–12 y included 979 mother-child pairs. The range of RBC Mn quartiles: Q1: 6.69–29.0 μg/L; Q2: 29.2–37.4 μg/L; Q3: 37.6–48.4 μg/L; Q4: 48.6–109.8 μg/L. Elevated BP was defined as child systolic or diastolic BP ≥90th percentile for age, sex, and height. Model 1: adjusted for maternal age categories, education, parity, race/ethnicity, smoking, maternal diabetes, hypertensive disorder, and prepregnancy obesity. Model 2: model 1 + gestational age and standardized birthweight. Model 3: model 2 + child's BMI z score. Q, quartile.
2 P < 0.05.
3 P < 0.01.