TABLE 2.
Associations of poor taste and smell with poor appetite and undernutrition1
| Poor appetite2 | P value3 | Undernutrition4 | P value3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor total taste score5 | 1.04 (0.19, 5.76) | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.43, 3.05) | 1.00 |
| Poor total taste score (no umami) | 1.78 (0.33, 9.60) | 1.00 | 1.58 (0.58, 4.31) | 1.00 |
| Poor sweet score | 0.64 (0.14, 2.96) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.38, 1.83) | 1.00 |
| Poor sour score | 0.90 (0.29, 2.79) | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.44, 1.46) | 1.00 |
| Poor salty score | 1.78 (0.62, 5.07) | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.73, 2.23) | 1.00 |
| Poor bitter score | 0.25 (0.02, 2.78) | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.22, 2.31) | 1.00 |
| Poor umami score | 0.68 (0.21, 2.19) | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.46, 1.53) | 1.00 |
| Self-reported poor taste | 8.44 (1.56, 45.56) | 0.01 | 2.11 (0.49, 9.04) | 0.32 |
| Poor smell identification score6 | 1.50 (0.48, 4.71) | 1.00 | 1.35 (0.69, 2.62) | 1.00 |
| Poor TDI score | 3.67 (0.78, 17.19) | 0.40 | 2.02 (0.73, 5.58) | 0.68 |
| Poor smell threshold score | 4.71 (1.11, 19.91) | 0.16 | 1.85 (0.77, 4.44) | 0.68 |
| Poor smell discrimination score | 0.15 (0.02, 1.26) | 0.32 | 0.99 (0.38, 2.57) | 1.00 |
| Self-reported poor smell | 2.31 (0.50, 10.74) | 0.29 | 0.85 (0.27, 2.68) | 0.78 |
Values are ORs (95% CIs) or P values. All models adjusted for age, sex, educational status, smoking status, medication, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score, and Mini Mental State Examination score. TDI, threshold-discrimination-identification.
Poor appetite: Council of Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire score <28.
P values for the individual taste and smell scores are adjusted according to Bonferroni correction; P values for self-reported taste and smell are unadjusted.
Undernutrition: >5% body weight loss averaged over 2 y or BMI (in kg/m2) <20 (if age <70 y) or <22 (if age >70 y).
Poor taste: total taste score <6, total taste score (umami excluded) <5, sweet score <2, sour score <2, salty score <2, bitter score <1, or umami score <1.
Poor smell: TDI score ≤19.5, T score ≤2.5, D score ≤7, or I score ≤9.