TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics of study population by follow-up status in 2017–20191
| Variable | Nonmigrants (n = 1613) | Migrants (n = 297) | Dead (n = 199) | Lost to follow-up (n = 102) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, male | 1613 (47.5) | 297 (63.3) | 199 (62.3) | 102 (52.9) |
| Year of birth | 1613 (1970 ± 4) | 297 (1970 ± 4) | 199 (1970 ± 5) | 102 (1969 ± 3) |
| HAZ at 24 mo | 1398 (−3.18 ± 1.1) | 245 (−2.94 ± 1.0) | 168 (−3.34 ± 1.2) | 48 (−3.38 ± 1.1) |
| Maternal age at childbirth, y | 1602 (27.1 ± 7.1) | 287 (26.4 ± 6.9) | 194 (27.0 ± 7.0) | 82 (24.7 ± 7.6) |
| Maternal schooling, y | 1549 (1.3 ± 1.6) | 257 (1.6 ± 1.8) | 178 (1.3 ± 1.9) | 30 (0.5 ± 1.1) |
| Paternal schooling, y | 1472 (1.8 ± 2.2) | 243 (1.8 ± 2.3) | 157 (1.3 ± 2.1) | 23 (1.0 ± 1.7) |
| Maternal height, cm | 1263 (148.5 ± 5.2) | 215 (149.4 ± 5.2) | 140 (148.5 ± 5.4) | 29 (148.1 ± 4.9) |
| Childhood SES tertile, % | ||||
| Poorest | 1613 (35.1) | 297 (23.9) | 199 (35.7) | 102 (27.4) |
| Middle | 1613 (33.2) | 297 (35.0) | 199 (31.2) | 102 (47.1) |
| Wealthiest | 1613 (31.6) | 297 (41.1) | 199 (33.2) | 102 (25.5) |
| Attained schooling, y | 1443 (4.9 ± 3.6) | 110 (6.2 ± 3.7) | 67 (4.5 ± 2.8) | 11 (3.4 ± 3.5) |
| Village school permanent structure | ||||
| Age 7 y, % | 1613 (48.6) | 297 (54.5) | 199 (46.2) | 102 (48.0) |
| Age 13 y, % | 1613 (82.5) | 297 (85.2) | 199 (79.4) | 102 (84.3) |
| Village student:teacher ratio2 | ||||
| Age 7 y | 1613 (40.0 ± 8.3) | 297 (39.8 ± 8.1) | 199 (39.3 ± 8.4) | 102 (40.3 ± 8.2) |
| Age 13 y | 1613 (36.1 ± 7.5) | 297 (35.4 ± 7.0) | 199 (36.0 ± 7.3) | 102 (36.1 ± 7.1) |
| Village cement industry boom | ||||
| Age 13 y, % | 1613 (48.5) | 297 (58.9) | 199 (60.3) | 102 (42.2) |
| Age 18 y, % | 1613 (56.0) | 297 (68.3) | 199 (72.4) | 102 (45.1) |
| Village good access road | ||||
| Age 13 y, % | 1613 (31.7) | 297 (23.6) | 199 (24.6) | 102 (34.3) |
| Age 18 y, % | 1613 (43.9) | 297 (41.7) | 199 (40.2) | 102 (50.1) |
1
Values are total n (% with variable) or total n (mean ± SD of variable) unless otherwise indicated. Percentages of missing information are 15.9% for HAZ at 24 mo, 2.1% for maternal age at childbirth, 8.9% for maternal schooling, 14.3% for paternal schooling, 25.5% for maternal height, and 26.0% for attained schooling. HAZ, height-for-age z scores; SES, socioeconomic status.
2
Number of students divided by the number of teachers in village school when individual was 7 and 13 y old.