TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of middle-aged overweight and obese subjects in the RW or WGW group in a subset of the total study population1
| Variables | RW group | WGW group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender,2 n males (%) | 9 (60) | 12 (60) | 0.96 |
| Age, y | 60 ± 6.0 | 60 ± 5.4 | 0.97 |
| Body weight, kg | 84 ± 7.0 | 86 ± 9.4 | 0.36 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 2.2 | 28 ± 2.0 | 0.14 |
| IHTGs,3 % | 3.6 ± 2.5 | 5.5 ± 6.4 | 0.83 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 6.0 ± 0.76 | 6.2 ± 0.71 | 0.38 |
| CRP,3 μg/mL | 2.9 ± 3.1 | 4.8 ± 7.3 | 0.95 |
| SAA,3 μg/mL | 2.1 ± 1.9 | 7.2 ± 16 | 0.76 |
| GGT, U/L | 19 ± 13 | 21 ± 13 | 0.61 |
| AST, U/L | 19 ± 5.6 | 19 ± 4.7 | 0.60 |
| ALT, U/L | 31 ± 9.4 | 36 ± 12 | 0.18 |
| β-Hydroxybutyrate, mmol/L | 0.30 ± 0.20 | 0.20 ± 0.20 | 0.043 |
1
Values are presented as group means ± SD, n = 16 (RW) or n = 21 (WGW). ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CRP, C-reactive protein; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; IHTG, intrahepatic triglyceride; RW, refined wheat; SAA, serum amyloid A; WGW, whole grain wheat.
2
Presented as the number and percentage of males.
3
Nonparametric distribution, evaluated with the Mann–Whitney U test.