TABLE 4.

Predicted fecal microbial pathway relative abundance at baseline and change after 12 wk of intervention that were found to be significantly different within and/or between the WGW and RW groups in middle-aged overweight and obese adults¹

		RW group		WGW group		Within RW		Within WGW		Group comparison
Pathway name	Pathway number	Baseline relative abundance, %	Δ Relative abundance after 12 wk, %	Baseline relative abundance, %	Δ Relative abundance after 12 wk, %	P value	FDR P value	P value	FDR P value	P value	FDR P value
Superpathway of hexitol degradation	HEXITOLDEGSUPER.PWY	0.13 ± 0.049	−0.015 ± 0.056	0.13 ± 0.065	−0.00 ± 0.056	0.70	NS2	0.97	NS	0.044	NS
Pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis	PANTOSYN.PWY	0.58 ± 0.057	0.022 ± 0.039	0.55 ± 0.054	0.00 ± 0.034	0.11	NS	0.76	NS	0.022	NS
Acetyl-CoA fermentation to butyrate II	PWY.5676	0.26 ± 0.079	−0.026 ± 0.081	0.23 ± 0.062	0.035 ± 0.059	0.12	NS	0.017	NS	0.031	NS
Pyruvate fermentation to acetone	PWY.6588	0.28 ± 0.12	−0.044 ± 0.12	0.20 ± 0.087	0.017 ± 0.068	0.32	NS	0.18	NS	0.043	NS
Aromatic biogenic amine degradation	PWY.7431	0.010 ± 0.010	0.00 ± 0.010	0.010 ± 0.010	0.0059 ± 0.012	0.30	NS	0.56	NS	0.047	NS
l-Alanine biosynthesis	PWY0.1061	0.36 ± 0.13	−0.067 ± 0.16	0.32 ± 0.10	−0.010 ± 0.12	0.30	NS	0.55	NS	0.041	NS
l-Arginine degradation II	AST.PWY	0.0048 ± 0.010	0.00 ± 0.011	0.010 ± 0.023	−0.00 ± 0.012	0.048	NS	0.23	NS	0.15	NS
l-Lysine biosynthesis I	DAPLYSIESYN.PWY	0.77 ± 0.10	−0.065 ± 0.14	0.75 ± 0.079	−0.030 ± 0.079	0.041	NS	0.15	NS	0.82	NS
(Kdo)2-lipid A biosynthesis	KDO.NAGLIPASYN.PWY	0.024 ± 0.036	−0.010 ± 0.045	0.024 ± 0.045	0.010 ± 0.027	0.043	NS	0.28	NS	0.50	NS
Pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate II	PWY.5100	0.94 ± 0.14	−0.049 ± 0.086	0.91 ± 0.084	−0.020 ± 0.071	0.049	NS	0.79	NS	0.13	NS
PreQ0 biosynthesis	PWY.6703	0.32 ± 0.063	0.057 ± 0.077	0.31 ± 0.054	0.021 ± 0.044	0.046	NS	0.82	NS	0.95	NS
Vitamin K-2 biosynthesis	PWY.5845	0.023 ± 0.029	0.00 ± 0.038	0.025 ± 0.039	0.0022 ± 0.025	0.19	NS	0.037	NS	0.52	NS
Superpathway of ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis	UBISYN.PWY	0.025 ± 0.023	0.00 ± 0.022	0.028 ± 0.028	0.0013 ± 0.021	0.61	NS	0.024	NS	1.0	NS

¹Values are presented as group means ± SD, n = 16 (RW) or n = 21 (WGW). FDR, false discovery rate; PWY, pathway; RW, refined wheat; WGW, whole grain wheat; Δ, differential change over time.

²NS, nonsignificant: P value >0.05.