Table 3.

Characteristics of the populations that were included

Study	Type of surgery	Median age (years)				Gender
		Mean	Median	SD	Range	Male (%)	Female (%)
Keshvari et al35	All		24		16‐60	77.90%	22.10%
Fazeli et al36	All
Käser et al34	Flap		26		18‐25	84%	16%
	Open		24		18‐52	78%	22%
Jamal et al33	Flap	26.04			19‐37	87.50%	12.50%
	Open	26.84			19‐37	96%	4%
Rashidian et al37	All	27.61			14‐49	78.30%	21.70%
Ertan et al38	Flap	28		± 7.7		92%	8%
	Direct closure	26.3		± 6.8		90%	10%
Nursal et al39	All	26.2		± 8.2		79.40%	20.60%
Muzi et al40	Flap	25.05		± 7.53		88%	12%
	Direct closure	25.01		± 8.58		84%	12%
Sevinç et al41	All		24		18‐47	82%	18%
Tavassoli et al42	All	24		± 4.35	16‐36	80%	20%
Okuş et al43	Flap		24		17‐33	97.90%	2.10%
	Direct closure		25.5		17‐43	90.90%	9.10%
Galala et al44	Flap	23			17‐30	80%	20%
	Direct closure	21			18‐34	80%	20%
Akca et al45	Flap	26			15‐60	85%	15%
	Direct closure	28			17‐43	83%	17%
Shabbir et al46	Flap					90%	10%
	Direct closure					93.30%	6.70%
Dass et al47	All	28.4		± 8.6	16‐48	92.50%	7.50%
Khan et al48	Flap	24			17‐42	88.30%	11.70%
	Direct closure	26			16‐40	85%	15%
Enshaei et al49	Flap	24.17		± 6.05	15‐40	72.50%	28%
	Direct closure					55%	45%