Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author, year | Patients characteristics; Exercise/control group | Home exercise programmes | Control group interventions | Outcome measures | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size, gender M/F | Mean age, years (SD) | Intervention initiation | Prescribed visits at home | Intervention duration | General description of home exercise | |||
| Binder, 2004 |
44, 10/34; 46, 13/33 |
81(8); 80(7) |
Within 16 weeks | NR | 2‐3‐month intervals | Flexibility exercises performed 3 times per week or more | Strength, flexibility, balance, coordination, progressive resistance training exercises | ①③④⑤⑥ |
| Crotty, 2002 |
34, 21/13; 32, 24/8 |
81.6(3.6); 85.54.5) |
Within 48 hours | NR | NR | No clear description of exercises | Conventional hospital care and rehabilitation in hospital | ①④ |
| Edgren, 2015 |
40,9/31; 41,9/32 |
80.9(7.7); 79.1(6.4) |
NR | 5‐6 visits | 12 months | Strengthening exercises for lower limb muscles, balance training and stretching, and functional exercises 2‐3 times per week | Standard care included 5‐7 exercises with no additional resistance | ⑤⑥ |
| Latham, 2014 |
120,37/83; 112,35/77 |
77.2(10.2); 78.9(9.4) |
NR | 3 visits | 6 months | Repeating simple functional tasks, standing exercises using steps of varying height, with weighted vests used to provide overload 3 times per week | Nutrition education for cardiovascular health | ⑧⑨ |
| Mangione, 2005 |
12,3/9; 10,2/8 |
79.8(5.6); 77.8(7.3) |
5 months | 20 visits | 3 months | Aerobic exercises including indoor walking, outdoor walking, stair climbing, range of motion 1‐2 times per week | Biweekly mailings on a variety of non‐exercise topics | ①②⑦⑩ |
| Mangione, 2010 |
14,2/12; 12,3/9 |
79.6(5.9); 82.0(6.0) |
6 months | 20 visits | 10 weeks | Strengthening exercises for both limbs using machines 2 times per week | Conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | ①②⑦⑩ |
| Sherrington, 1997 |
20; 20 |
80.0(8.1); 77.1(8.2) |
7 months | 3 visits | 1 month | Unidimensional weight‐bearing exercise (ie, in standing patients), placed one foot on a block and attempted to lift the contralateral leg | Usual care | ③⑧⑨ |
| Sherrington, 2004 |
40,10/30; 40,6/34 |
80.1(7.5); 77.2(8.9) |
153 days | 4 visits | 4 months | Weight‐bearing exercise programme reflected the way muscles work during daily activities, such as standing up, walking, reaching, and stair climbing | Receive any interventions | ②③ |
| Tinetti, 1999 |
148,25/123; 156,30/126 |
80.5(7.0); 79.4(7.8) |
Immediately after discharge | The number of visits was tapered over time | 6 months | Physical therapy and functional therapy, upper and lower limb muscles strength, balance, transfers, and bed mobility | Traditional physical therapy provided by physical therapists employed by the home care agencies | ②④⑦ |
| Tsauo, 2005 |
13,3/10; 12,2/10 |
74.1(12.0); 71.9(12.5) |
Immediately after discharge | 8 visits | 3 months | Exercises to improve muscle strength, balance, ROM, functions, transfers, and adaptation to home setting | Patients advised to continue exercise programme given at bedside before discharge | ①② |
| Ziden, 2008 |
48, 19/29; 54,12/42 |
81.2(5.9); 82.5(7.6) |
1 months | At least 1 visit | 3 weeks | No clear description of exercises | Conventional care in which no structured rehabilitation after discharge | ⑤ |
Note: Outcome measures: ①physical health; ②normal gait speed; ③fast gait speed; ④balance; ⑤IADL; ⑥ADL; ⑦lower extremity strength; ⑧leg strength in fractured leg; ⑨leg strength in non‐fractured leg; ⑩6MWT.
Abbreviations: 6MWT, Six‐Minute Walk Test; ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; NR, not report; ROM, range of motion.