Table 3.
Comparison of prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities during the COVID-19 and SARS epidemics
| Psychiatric outcomes | Condition | Number of studies | Events | Sample size | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI (%) | I2 (%) | p (within subgroup) | Q (p across subgroups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | COVID-19 | 21 | 10025 | 39542 | 23.9 | 18.4 - 30.3 | 99.43 | < 0.001 | Q = 0.34, p = 0.85 | |
| Acute SARS | 6 | 348 | 1780 | 27.5 | 17.3 - 40.6 | 94.95 | < 0.001 | |||
| SARS Recovery | 3 | 175 | 712 | 26.0 | 15.6 - 40.0 | 87.59 | < 0.001 | |||
| Anxiety | COVID-19 | 24 | 11690 | 45253 | 23.4 | 19.9 - 27.3 | 98.78 | < 0.001 | Q = 0.59, p = 0.44 | |
| SARS | 9 | 275 | 2892 | 17.7 | 8.2 - 34.1 | 97.37 | < 0.001 | |||
| PTSS | COVID-19 | 13 | 4268 | 11983 | 24.9 | 11.0 - 46.8 | 99.68 | < 0.001 | Q = 0.89, p = 0.35 | |
| SARS | 15 | 938 | 5653 | 16.8 | 12.9 - 21.5 | 93.94 | < 0.001 | |||
| Poor mental health | COVID-19 | 5 | 1216 | 6406 | 19.9 | 11.7 - 31.9 | 98.92 | < 0.001 | Q = 1.06, p = 0.59 | |
| Acute SARS | 9 | 2034 | 9907 | 26.6 | 11.7 - 49.8 | 99.61 | < 0.001 | |||
| SARS Recovery | 3 | 129 | 406 | 32.8 | 12.4 - 62.8 | 96.44 | < 0.001 | |||
| PTSD | Acute SARS | 3 | 89 | 421 | 29.4 | 9.3 - 63.0 | 96.62 | < 0.001 | Q = 0.95, p = 0.33 | |
| SARS Recovery | 3 | 71 | 410 | 15.3 | 6.7 - 31.3 | 89.83 | < 0.001 | |||
Note: Acute SARS refers to study period before January 1, 2004; Recovery SARS refers to study period after January 1, 2004.
Studies involving anxiety during SARS were not divided into “acute SARS/recovery SARS” because only 2 studies were conducted during recovery phase of SARS and they did not reach the minimum number of studies to synthesize data. Studies involving stress, distress, insomnia were not compared between COVID-19 and SARS due to the similar reason.