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. 2019 Nov 14;17(2):285–299. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13269

Table 2.

The treatment methods, outcome measures, and the main results of included studies

Author Treatment methods Outcome measures Main results
T C
Cb Cu
Katayama et al32

T1:0.1%ALA + 0.005%

EDTA‐2Na + 9 J/cm2 (N = 5); T2:0.5%ALA+0.005% EDTA‐2Na + 9 J/cm2 (N = 5); T3:0.5%ALA+0.001% EDTA‐2Na + 9 J/cm2 (N = 5); T4:0.5%ALA+0.005% EDTA‐2Na + 6 J/cm2 (N = 5)

 Cb1:NT (N = 5); Cb2:piperacillin‐tazobactam (N = 5) Cu:NT (N = 5) 1, 2 1:T2 < T1 < Cb1, T2 < T4; T2 vs Cu, T3 vs Cb1 (P > .05); 2:T2 (2 log10 units) < Cb2 (7 log10 units), Cb1 vs Cb2 (P > .05)
Mai et al29 T1:10 μMDVDMS + 50 J/cm2 (once per day, 2 days) (N = 8); T2:5 μMDVDMS + 50 J/cm2 (once per day, 2 days) (N = 8); T3: 2 μM DVDMS+50 J/cm2 (once per day, 2 days) (N = 8) Cb: 0.1mlPBS (N = 8) 2, 3, 4(a), 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20 2:T < Cb; 3:T > Cb, highest in T1 on Day 7; 4(a): T < Cb, lowest in T1 on Day 3; 5: T < Cb, lowest in T1; 6: T > Cb, increased gradually; 7: T > Cb, highest in T1; 8: T > C on Day7, 14 and 21; 9: T < C on Day 7, 14, and 21; 20. T1 vs T2 vs T3 vs Cb (P > .05)
Chen et al30 T1:1μMZnPc‐(Lys)5 + 15 J/cm2 ; T2: ZnPc‐S4 + 15 J/cm2 Cb1:1μMZnPc‐ (Lys)5 ; Cb2: ZnPc‐S4 1, 2, 10 1: smallest in T1; 2: lowest in T1; 10: T1 (1.4‐fold) < Cb1 (2.2‐fold) < T2/Cb2 (2.8‐fold)
Sahu et al25 T: 200 μM pl‐cp6 + 60 J/cm2 Cb: NT Cu: NT 2, 3, 4(b), 4(c), 4(d), 11, 12(a), 12(b), 13 2: T < Cb; 3: T > Cb; 4(b), 4(c), 4(d): Cb > Cu, T < Cb on Day 5; 11: Cb > Cu, T < Cb on Day 2; T < Cb, Cb > Cu (2‐fold) on Day 5; 12(a): T > Cb > Cu on Day 2; Cb > T, T vs Cu (P > .05) on Day 5; 12(b): Cb > Cu, 12(b) < 12(a) on Day 2; 13: Cb < Cu (1.5‐fold on Day 2 and 4‐fold on Day 5), T > Cb
Sahu et al26 T: 20 μL 200 μM pl‐cp6 + 60 J/cm2 (once per day, 3 days) Cb1: NT; Cb2: AgNO3; Cb3: AG Cu1: 20 μl 200 μM pl‐cp6 + 60 J/cm2 on Day 2; Cu2: 20 μl 200 μM pl‐cp6 + 120 J/cm2 on Day 2 6(b), 12(c), 12(d), 12(e), 14, 15 6(b): increased in Cu1, decreased in Cu2, increased in T by 1.75‐fold, lower in Cb2 and Cb3 than T; 12(c), 12(d), 12(e), 15: T < Cb2 < Cb3, Cb2 > Cb1; 14: increased in Cu1 by 1.5‐fold, decreased in Cu2 by 1.5‐fold, increased in T, Cb1 vs Cb2 (P > .05)
Topaloglu et al34 T1‐1: 500 μg/mL ICG + 450 J/cm2 (N ≥ 8) T1‐2: 500 μg/mL ICG + 450 J/cm2 (N = 5); T2: 1000 μg/mL ICG + 450 J/cm2 (N ≥ 8); T3: 2000 μg/mL ICG + 450 J/cm2 (N ≥ 8) Cb1:NT (N ≥ 8); Cb2:450 J/cm2 (N ≥ 8); Cb3: ICG (N ≥ 8); Cb4: mupirocin (N = 5) 1, 2, 1: T1‐2 < Cb4; 2: reduced 90% in T1‐1/T3/T4, T1‐1 vs T2 vs T3, Cb2 vs Cb1 (P > .05)
Morimoto et al33 T1: 50 mg/kg 5‐ALA+50 J/cm2 (N = 5); T2‐1: 200 mg/kg 5‐ALA+50 J/cm2 (N = 5); T2‐2: 200 mg/kg 5‐ALA+50 J/cm2 (N = 3); T3: 200 mg/kg 5‐ALA+10 J/cm2 (N = 5) Cb1‐1:NT (N = 5); Cb1‐2: NT (N = 3); Cb2: 50 J/cm2 (N = 5); Cb3: 200 mg/kg 5‐ALA (N = 5); Cb4‐1: VCM (N = 5); Cb4‐2: VCM (N = 3) Cu: NT (N = 5) 1, 2 1: Cb1‐1 > Cu, Cb2 > T1 > T2‐1, T3 > T2‐1, Cb4‐1 > Cu; T2‐1 vs Cu, Cb3 vs Cb1‐1, Cb4‐1 vs Cb1‐1(P > .05) 2: T2‐2 (2 log10 units of reduction) < Cb1‐2 on Day 7
Fu et al34 T1: 200 μM LAEtNBS+90 J/cm2; T2: 200 μM EtBS‐COOH+90 J/cm2 Cb: PBS + 90 J/cm2 1, 2, 16 1, 2: T1/T2 < Cb; T1 vs T2 (P > .05); 16: T1 (14.8 ± 1.5)/T2 (14.5 ± 1.7) < Cb (21.0 ± 2.3), T1 vs T2 (P > .05)
Sahu et al24 T1: pl‐cp6 + 60 J/cm2 (MRSA); T2: pl‐cp6 + 120 J/cm2 (MRSA); T3: pl‐cp6 + 60 J/cm2 (PA) Cb1: NT(MRSA); Cb2: pl‐cp6 (MRSA); Cb3: NT(PA) Cu 8, 17(a), 17(b) 8:T1/T2 > Cb1/Cb2 (3‐fold), Cb1/Cb2 < Cu on Day 18; 17(a), 17(b): Cb3 > Cu,Cb3 > T3
Nafee et al35 T1: HY‐DMSO+23.5 J/cm2 (once per day, 5 days) (N = 4); T2: HY‐NPs + 23.5 J/cm2 (once per day, 5 days) (N = 4) Cb: NT (N = 4) 1, 2, 5, 6(a), 18, 19 1: T2 < T1 < Cb on Day 10; 2: T2 < T1 < Cb; 5: T2 < T1 6(a), 18, 19: T1/T2 > Cb
Sahu et al28 T1: 200 μM pl‐cp6 + 60 J/cm2 (N = 6); T2: 200 μM pl‐cp6 + 120 J/cm2 (N = 6) Cb1: NT (N = 6); Cb2: 200 μM pl‐cp6 (N = 6) Cu (N = 6) 1, 2, 4(a), 5, 16 1: Cb1 > Cu on Day 2 and decreased gradually; T1/T2 reduced continuously, significant different till Day 10; 2: Cb1/Cb2 increased by 30% at 24 h and decreased by 80% at 72 h, T1/T2 reduced by 1.5/2.0 log at 24 h, T1/T2 < Cb1/Cb2 at 240 h; 4(a), 5: Cb1 > Cu (1.9 times and 3 times higher, separately), T1/T2 < Cb1 at 24 and 96 h (4–5 times lower); 16: T1/T2 < Cb1 (4–5 days lesser)
Vecchio et al18 T1:75 μM PLP068/Cl + 84 J/cm2 (N = 6); T2:75 μM TBO + 84 J/cm2 (N = 6) Cb1 (N = 6); Cb2: 84 J/cm2 (N = 6); Cb3: 75 μM PLP068/Cl (N = 6); Cb4: 75 μM TBO (N = 6) 1, 2 1: T1 (22%) < T2 (76%) < Cb3 (78%) < Cb4 (89%) < Cb2 (98%) < Cb1 (100%) on Day 4; 2: T1 decreased 2.9 log unit, while Cb3 decreased 0.85 log unit, T2 decreased 1.0 log unit, while Cb4 negligible reduced; T1 was the lowest
Simonetti et al36 T1: 0.01% PLP68/Cl + 60 J/cm2 (N = 6); T2: 0.1% PLP68/Cl + 60 J/cm2 (N = 6); T3‐1: 0.3% PLP68/Cl + 60 J/cm2 (N = 6); T3‐2: 0.3% PLP68/Cl + 60 J/cm2 (N = 12); T4: 0.5% PLP68/Cl + 60 J/cm2 (N = 6) Cb1: NT (N = 12); Cb2‐1: placebo gel (N = 6); Cb2‐2: placebo gel (N = 12); Cb3: teicoplanin(N = 12) 2 2: Day 2: RLP068 / Cl gave a dose‐related reduction, T1 (no change) > T2(83% reduction) > T3‐1, T2 (3.3 × 106 ± 4.0 × 106 CFU/mL) < Cb1(1.0 × 109 ± 9.6 × 108 CFU/mL), T3‐1 vs T4, Cb1 vs Cb2‐2 Day 9: Cb1 (2.1 × 109 ± 2.5 × 109 CFU/mL)/Cb2‐2 (9.5 × 108 ± 8.0 × 108 CFU/mL) > Cb3 (4.7 × 107 ± 3.9 × 107 CFU/mL) > T3‐2 (2.6 × 107 ± 2.0 × 107 CFU/mL), Cb1 vs Cb2‐2(P > .05)
Dai et al19 T: 400μMPEI‐ce6 + 360 J/cm2 (N = 10) Cb: NT (N = 12) 2, 16, 20 2: T reduced 2.7 log10 reduction, T1 < Cb(1.3 log10 lower); 16: T (5.6 ± 5.1) < Cb (14.2 ± 2.6); 20: T(6.1 ± 3.4%) < Cb (11.6 ± 4.0%) on Day 2
Dai et al20 T1: PEI‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 1 day after infection; T2: PEI‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 on Day 0 (N = 7); T3: PEI‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 on Day 1 (N = 11); T4: PEI‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 on Day 2 (N = 6); T5: PEI‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 on Day 1 and Day 2(N = 9) Cb1: NT; Cb2: PEI‐ce6; Cb3: PBS + 240 J/cm2 2 2: T1 reduced 1.8 log unit, Cb2 reduced less than 0.9 log unit, Cb1 (1.02 × 106RLU) > T1(2.73 × 106RLU); T2 decreased 3.6 log units in a light exposure‐dependent manner, T3/T4 decreased 1.7 long unit, T5 decreased 1.7/2.7 log unit on Day1/2
Demidova et al22 T: 200 μM pl‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 (N = 10) Cb1: NT (N = 10); Cb2: 200 μM pl‐ce6 (N = 10) Cb3: 240 J/cm2 (N = 10) 2 2: T < Cb2 < Cb1, Cb1 vs Cb3 (P > .05)
Lambrechts et al21 T1: 500 μM PTMPP+ PBS + 211 J/cm2 (N = 3); T2‐1: 500 μM PTMPP+25% DMSO/PBS + 211 J/cm2 (N = 5); T2‐2: 500 μM PTMPP+25% DMSO/PBS + 211 J/cm2 (N = 3); T3: 500 μM PTMPP+25% DMSO/PBS + 423 J/cm2 (N = 4); T4: 500 μM PTMPP+25% DMSO/PBS + 211 J/cm2 + AgSD (N = 3); T5: 500 μM PTMPP+25% DMSO/PBS +211/423 J/cm2) (N = 5) Cb1: NT (N = 3); Cb2: 500 μM PTMPP (N = 3); Cb3: light (N = 3); Cb4: AgSD (N = 3) Cu (N = 3) 1, 2, 16, 21 1: T5 < Cb2 on Day 18, T5 < Cb1 on Day 12, 16, and 18, T5 < Cb4 on Day 12 and 18; Cb2 < Cb1 on Day 6 and 14; Cb2 < Cb4 on Day 6, Cb2 < T4 from Day 8 to 16; Cb1 > Cb3 on Day 12, 14 and 16; Cb3 < Cb4 on Day 6, Cb3 < T4 on Day 12, 16 and 18; Cb2 < T4 on Day 12 2: T1 (70% reduction) > T2 (2 log10 unit reduction); Cb1 < Cb3 on Day 12, Cb1 > Cb2 on Day 2, T3 < Cb4/T4 on Day 3; 16: Cb4 (19 ± 4.6) < Cb3 (27.7 ± 2.9), Cb4 < T5 (28.8 ± 3.6), Cb1 (22.7 ± 1.2) < T5, Cb2 (22.7 ± 2.3) < T5, T4 (26.7 ± 2.3); 21: T2‐2 vs T3, Cb4 (13.0 ± 5.57 days) vs T2‐1/T2‐2 (18.5 ± 5.65) vs T4 (21.3 ± 4.16) (P > .05)
Hamblin et al23 T1: 200 μM pl‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 (N = 10); T2: 200 μM pl‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 (half PA) (N = 6) Cb1: NT (N = 10); Cb2: 240 J/cm2 (N = 10); Cb3: 200 μM pl‐ce6 (N = 10); Cb4: AgNO3 (N = 10); Cb5: AgNO3 (half PA) (N = 6) Cu1: NT (N = 6); Cu2: 200 μM pl‐ce6 + 240 J/cm2 (N = 6); Cu3: AgNO3(N = 6) 1, 2 1: T1 < Cb4, T2 < Cb5; Cu3 vs Cu2, Cu3 vs Cu1 (P > .05) 2: T1 produced a fluence‐dependent loss of luminescence, T1 < Cb3 < Cb1/Cb2, T1 < Cb4; Cb1 vs Cb2 (P > .05)
Hamblin et al24 T: 100 μM pl‐ce6 + 160 J/cm2 (N = 6) C1‐1: NT (N = 6); C1‐2: 100 μM pl–ce6 (N = 6); C1‐3: 160 J/cm2 (N = 6) 1, 2 1: T was the smallest (P > .05); 2: T was the lowest and showed a semilogarithmic light dose‐dependent reduction

Abbreviations: AG, aminoguanidine; AgNO3, silver nitrate; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine；C, control group; Cb, bacteria‐infected group; Cu, un‐infected group; NT, no treatment; T, treatment group; VCM,vancomycin; 1, wound size; 2, bacteria measurement; 3, β‐fibroblast growth factor (FGF); 4(a), Interleukin (IL)‐6; 4(b),IL‐1α; 4(c), IL‐1β; 4(d), IL‐2; 5, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α; 6(a), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); 6(b), VEGF‐A; 7, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1; 8, hydroxyproline (Hyp); 9, malondialdehyde (MDA); 10, blood flow; 11, toll‐like receptor (TLR‐4); 12(a), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB)‐p50; 12(b), NF‐κB‐p105; 12(c), phospho‐IKB‐α, 12(d), NF‐κB p65; 12(e), phospho‐NF‐κB p‐65; 13, alkaline phosphatase (ALP); 14, nitric oxide (NO); 15, phospho‐p38 MAPK; 16, wound‐healing time; 17(a), metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8; 17(b), MMP‐9; 18, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF); 19, cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2; 20, body weight; 21. infection time.