TABLE 4.
Cost of the interventions
| Intervention | P/T | Endpoint | Product | Labour | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost per application | Cost per patient/day | Cost per application | Cost per patient/day | Cost per application | Cost per patient/day | |||
| Skin cleansing | ||||||||
| Water and soap 29 | P | NR | NR | NR |
Faeces and urine = $3.62 Urine = $1.29 |
NR | NR | NR |
| Liquid antiseptic soap (Chlorhexidine 4,0%) and lukewarm water with the aid of a gauze to rub the skin twice daily and following a faecal and/or urinary episode 31 | P |
31.2% a (n = 24/77) |
NR | $20.01 | NR | $57.51 | NR | $142.92 |
| No‐rinse skin cleanser 29 | P | NR | NR | NR |
Faeces and urine = $0.85 Urine = 0.30 |
NR | NR | NR |
| Skin cleansing and protection | ||||||||
| Water and soap | ||||||||
| + protective cosmetic creams 28 | P | 25.32% b (n = 20/79) | NR | $2.36 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| + moisture barrier 29 | P | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| pre‐moistened soft, disposable, non‐woven cleaning wipes + barrier cream and/or spray if IAD diagnosis, skin cleansing min. 1x/day and after any faecal and/or urinary episode 31 | P | 10.4% a (n = 8/77) | NR | $20.17 | NR | $72.94 | NR | $114.58 |
| Pre‐moistened soft, disposable, non‐woven cleaning wipes, dry wipes or wash cloths with soap from the wall dispenser or a no‐rinse perineal skin cleanser + antifungal cream 36 | T | NR | $0.35 | NR | $0.48 | NR | NR | NR |
| No‐rinse incontinence cleanser | ||||||||
| + moisture barrier 29 | P | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| + pre‐moistened soft, disposable, non‐woven cleaning wipes or wash cloths+ skin barrier paste 36 | T | NR | $0.28 | NR | $0.91 | NR | NR | NR |
| +durable moisture barrier cream/film28 | P | 4.71% b (n = 4/85) | NR | $4.73 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| + film polymeric solution spray 35 | P | 22.6% b (n = 7/31) | NR | $7.41 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| One‐step procedure | ||||||||
| Cleanser, moisturiser, barrier washcloth impregnated with 3% dimethicone 35 | P | 27.3% b (n = 9/33) | NR | $3.00 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
|
One‐step barrier lotion spray 36 |
T | 47% a (n = 9/19) | $0.20 | NR | $0.50 | NR | NR | NR |
| Skin protection | ||||||||
| Acrylate terpolymer‐based barrier film (spray) | ||||||||
| 3x/week 32 , 34 | P | 3.5% b (n = 34/981) | $0.05 | NR | $0.01 | NR | $0.06 | NR |
| P | 3.9% b (n = NR) | $0.52 | $0.23 | $0.28 | $0.16 | $0.35 | $0.35 | |
| 1x/daily 34 | P | 3% b (n = NR) | $0.52 | $0.52 | $0.28 | $0.28 | $0.80 | $0.80 |
| Application frequency in accordance with skin score (every 24, 48 or 72 hours) 30 | P/T | NR | NR | $0.57 | NR | $5.24 | NR | $5.81 |
| Ointment | ||||||||
| 43% petrolatum | ||||||||
| After each episode of incontinence 32 | P | 2.1% b (n = 20/981) | $0.27 | $1.62 | $0.20 | $1.20 | $0.49 | $2.94 |
| Applied if needed 34 | P | 2.6% b (n = NR) | $0.21 | $0.98 | $0.18 | $0.83 | $0.39 | $1.83 |
| 98% petrolatum | ||||||||
| After each episode of incontinence 32 | P |
4.0% b (n = 39/981) |
$0.26 | $1.56 | $0.20 | $1.20 | $0.42 | $2.52 |
| Applied if needed 34 | P | NR | $0.23 | $1.02 | $0.18 | $0.83 | $0.41 | $1.87 |
| Cream | ||||||||
| Cream with 12% zinc oxide +1% dimethicone, after each episode of incontinence 32 | P | 4.1% b (n = 40/981) | $0.31 | $1.86 | $0.21 | $1.26 | $0.48 | $2.88 |
| Oil | ||||||||
| Zinc oxide oil 30 | P/T | NR | NR | $1.08 | NR | $6.74 | NR | $7.87 |
| Incontinence material + skin care regime | ||||||||
|
Polymer diapers/pads + every morning no‐rinse emulsion cleanser + in case of IAD: zinc‐based cream + during the day: pre‐moistened soft, disposable, non‐woven cleaning wipes (urine leakage) or mousse‐based no‐rinse cleanser (mild faecal incontinence) or liquid soap + skin protectant (no IAD) or zinc oxide base cream (IAD) if significant episode of incontinence 33 |
P | 31.7% b (n = 20/63) | NR | $3.41 | NR | $5.93 | NR | NR |
| Polymer diapers/pads + skin care regime + advice provided by continence nurses 33 | P | 3.1% b (n = 2/63) | NR | $1.92 | NR | $3.16 | NR | NR |
a
IAD prevalence.
b
IAD incidence; P: prevention; T; treatment; NA: not applicable; NR: not reported.