TABLE 2.
Univariate analyses
| NAFLD, n = 96 | Any fibrosis, n = 91 | Advanced fibrosis, n = 28 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Category | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Food insecurity | Food insecure vs. secure | 0.99 (0.62–1.58) | 0.97 | 1.56 (0.99–2.47) | 0.06 | 2.57 (1.20–5.52) | 0.02 |
| Marginal vs. full security | 0.92 (0.50–1.70) | 0.79 | 0.55 (0.18–1.73) | 0.31 | 1.81 (0.58–5.65) | 0.31 | |
| Low vs. full security | 0.67 (0.33–1.39) | 0.29 | 1.51 (0.45–5.13) | 0.51 | 2.73 (0.92–8.10) | 0.07 | |
| Very low vs. full security | 1.28 (0.73–2.26) | 0.39 | 1.89 (0.61–5.85) | 0.27 | 3.42 (1.29–9.11) | 0.01 | |
| Substance use | Tobacco | 0.47 (0.30–0.74) | 0.001 | 0.95 (0.61–1.49) | 0.83 | 0.76 (0.35–1.63) | 0.48 |
| Alcohol, drinks/week | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.40 | 0.97 (0.91–1.05) | 0.45 | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) | 0.93 | |
| Cocaine | 0.50 (0.30–0.81) | 0.006 | 0.85 (0.53–1.35) | 0.49 | 0.93 (0.42–2.05) | 0.86 | |
| Cannabis | 0.51 (0.29–0.88) | 0.02 | 1.21 (0.74–1.96) | 0.45 | 0.87 (0.36–2.09) | 0.76 | |
| Opiates | 0.84 (0.40–1.76) | 0.65 | 1.34 (0.69–2.63) | 0.39 | 1.43 (0.48–4.26) | 0.52 | |
| Infection | HIV | 0.73 (0.47–1.14) | 0.16 | 1.71 (1.09–2.68) | 0.02 | 1.31 (0.61–2.80) | 0.49 |
| HCV | 0.81 (0.48–1.38) | 0.44 | 4.84 (3.03–7.72) | <0.0001 | 13.62 (5.40–34.32) | <0.0001 | |
| Metabolic | BMI, per 5 kg/m2 | 1.75 (1.46–2.09) | <0.0001 | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.28 | 0.79 (0.56–1.10) | 0.16 |
| Obesity | 3.71 (2.33–5.89) | <0.0001 | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) | 0.39 | 0.78 (0.35–1.71) | 0.53 | |
| MetS | 3.95 (2.49–6.28) | <0.0001 | 1.33 (0.79–2.23) | 0.29 | 1.02 (0.41–2.58) | 0.97 | |
| Hyperglycemia | 2.92 (1.84–4.63) | <0.0001 | 1.62 (0.98–2.67) | 0.06 | 2.04 (0.92–4.54) | 0.08 | |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 2.64 (1.67–4.18) | <0.0001 | 0.99 (0.58–1.68) | 0.97 | 0.54 (0.18–1.58) | 0.26 | |
| Abdominal obesity | 3.47 (2.11–5.71) | <0.0001 | 0.82 (0.53–1.28) | 0.38 | 0.66 (0.31–1.43) | 0.29 | |
| Hypertension | 1.41 (0.91–2.20) | 0.13 | 1.24 (0.79–1.95) | 0.36 | 1.10 (0.51–2.37) | 0.81 | |
| Reduced HDL | 1.42 (0.74–2.72) | 0.28 | 1.91 (1.02–3.58) | 0.04 | 1.94 (0.71–5.29) | 0.19 | |
| TyG index | 2.72 (1.95–3.79) | <0.0001 | 1.45 (1.03–2.03) | 0.03 | 1.28 (0.72–2.26) | 0.39 | |
Data are for NAFLD (liver fat > 5% via MRI-PDFF), fibrosis (LS ≥ 2.9 kPa via MRE), and advanced fibrosis (LS ≥ 3.8 kPa via MRE; n = 603). Statistical tests were performed using univariate logistic regressions and reported as ORs with 95% CIs. Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LS, liver stiffness; MetS, metabolic syndrome; MRE, magnetic resonance elastography; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PDFF, proton density fat fraction; TyG, triglyceride and glucose.