FIGURE 1.

The Shannon α-diversity index and relative abundance of major diet-related gut microbiome taxa by long-term diet quality and food intakes in the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies (n = 1920). Geometric mean (95% CI) of the Shannon index and microbial taxa relative abundance, adjusting for age at stool sample collection, sex, income, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, leisure-time physical activity, total energy intake, BMI, and history of hypertension. Sequencing depth was additionally adjusted for Shannon index analysis. Healthy diet score was calculated based on intakes of 8 food groups (fruit, vegetables, dairy, fish/seafood, nuts/legumes, refined grains, red meat, and processed meat). Healthy diet score and dairy intake were cumulative averages calculated using repeated dietary survey data at cohort baseline and follow-ups, while intake frequency of processed meat was assessed only at baseline and categorized into 5 groups: less than once per 2 mo, less than once per month, less than twice per month, less than once per week, and once or more per week.